Neutrosophic Crisp minimal Structure

Riad K.

doi:https://doi.org/10.54216/JNFS.030103

Fusion: Practice and Applications | 2022

Driver Drowsiness Detection in Real-time

In modern life, drowsiness is one of the major causes of road accidents, many of which are fatal. Analyzing statistics, it can be assumed that most road accidents occur as a result of drowsiness leading to serious injury and death. For this reason, various studies have been done on designing programs that can detect driver fatigue and alert them before a serious error occurs. This prevents them from falling asleep and having an accident. Some of the most common methods use automotive-based methods to design their own system. But these traditional measures were strongly influenced by other factors such as road structure, vehicle type and driver-wheel driveability. Some methods use psychological methods of their system that often provide the most accurate and consistent results in the driver's drowsiness monitoring. However, such techniques are very tedious as the electrodes need to be placed on the head and body. In addition, few studies are available where independent measurements are used as system installation, but such methods can confuse the driver and lead to unintended consequences. In this paper, we have proposed a non-disruptive and real-time program. Our proposed system classifies it as sleep deprivation. The model is fed with a large database of closed eyes and open eyes to produce results. The driver is notified by Buzz every time he is found drowsy. In our model, we use a standard forward-looking smartphone camera and use the information we have gained to produce results on our website. This can be more economical than using additional hardware.

groups

Daksh Khetan mail -

Arun Nawani mail -

Anshul Aggarwal mail -

Ms. Surinder Kaur mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/FPA.070203

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 7 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

International Journal of Neutrosophic Science | 2022

NeutroAlgebra of Substructures of the Semigroups built using Zn and Z+

For the first-time authors study the NeutroAlgebraic structures of the substructures of the semigroups, { , ×}, { , ×} and { , +} where  = {1, 2, …, ¥}. The three substructures of the semigroup studied in the context of NeutroAlgebra are subsemigroups, ideals and groups. The substructure group has meaning only if the semigroup under consideration is a Smarandache semigroup. Further in this paper, all semigroups are only commutative. It is proved the NeutroAlgebraic structure of ideals (and subsemigroups) of a semigroup can be AntiAlgebra or NeutroAlgebra in the case of infinite semigroups built on  or  =   È {0}. However, in the case of S = { , ×}; n a composite number, S is always a Smarandache semigroup. The substructures of them are completely analyzed. Further groups of Smarandache semigroups can only be a NeutroAlgebra and never an AntiAlgebra. Open problems are proposed in the final section for researchers interested in this field of study.

groups

Vasantha Kandasamy mail -

Ilanthenral Kandasamy mail -

Florentin Smarandache mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.1803012

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 3

Details open_in_new

International Journal of Neutrosophic Science |

NeutroAlgebra of Substructures of the Semigroups built using Zn and Z+

For the first-time authors study the NeutroAlgebraic structures of the substructures of the semigroups, {Zn , ×}, {Z+ , ×} and {Z+ , +} where Z+ = {1, 2, …, inf}. The three substructures of the semigroup studied in the context of NeutroAlgebra are subsemigroups, ideals and groups. The substructure group has meaning only if the semigroup under consideration is a Smarandache semigroup. Further in this paper, all semigroups are only commutative. It is proved the NeutroAlgebraic structure of ideals (and subsemigroups) of a semigroup can be AntiAlgebra or NeutroAlgebra in the case of infinite semigroups built on Z+ or Z* = Z+ U {0}. However, in the case of S = {Zn , ×}; n a composite number, S is always a Smarandache semigroup. The substructures of them are completely analyzed. Further groups of Smarandache semigroups can only be a NeutroAlgebra and never an AntiAlgebra. Open problems are proposed in the final section for researchers interested in this field of study.

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Volume & Issue

Details open_in_new

International Journal of Neutrosophic Science |

NeutroAlgebra of Substructures of the Semigroups built using Zn and Z+

For the first-time authors study the NeutroAlgebraic structures of the substructures of the semigroups, {Zn , ×}, {Z+ , ×} and {Z+ , +} where Z+ = {1, 2, …, inf}. The three substructures of the semigroup studied in the context of NeutroAlgebra are subsemigroups, ideals and groups. The substructure group has meaning only if the semigroup under consideration is a Smarandache semigroup. Further in this paper, all semigroups are only commutative. It is proved the NeutroAlgebraic structure of ideals (and subsemigroups) of a semigroup can be AntiAlgebra or NeutroAlgebra in the case of infinite semigroups built on Z+ or Z* = Z+ U {0}. However, in the case of S = {Zn , ×}; n a composite number, S is always a Smarandache semigroup. The substructures of them are completely analyzed. Further groups of Smarandache semigroups can only be a NeutroAlgebra and never an AntiAlgebra. Open problems are proposed in the final section for researchers interested in this field of study.

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International Journal of Neutrosophic Science | 2022

Neutrosophical dynamic programming

The great development that science has witnessed in all fields has reduced the risks and losses resulting from undertaking any business or projects. Since the emergence of the science of operations research, many life issues have been addressed by relying on it, and by using its methods, we have been able to establish projects and businesses and use the available capabilities in an ideal manner. Which achieved great success in all areas and reduced the losses of all kinds, whether material or human, that we were exposed to because of carrying out these works or projects without prior study. We are now able to model, analyze and solve a wide range of problems that can be broken down into a set of partial problems using dynamic programming. Programming that is used to find the optimal solution in a multi-step situation that involves a set of related decisions. In this research, we study one of the operations research problems that are solved using dynamic programming. It is the problem of creating an expressway between two cities, using the neutrosophic logic. The logic that takes into account all the specific and non-specific data and takes into account all the circumstances that can face us during the implementation of the project. The goal  of studying this issue is to determine the optimal total cost, which is related to the partial costs presented by the study prepared for this project. In order to avoid losses we will take the partial costs neutrosophic values of the form  , where  represents the minimum partial cost in stage  and  represents the upper limit of the partial cost in stage  . Through the indeterminacy offered by neutrosophic logic, we are able to find the ideal solution that will bring us the lowest possible cost for constructing this expressway. It takes into account all the circumstances that may encounter us in our study, and we will present an applied example that illustrates the study.

groups

Maissam Jdid mail -

Rafif Alhabib mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.1803013

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 3

Details open_in_new

International Journal of Neutrosophic Science | 2022

Important Neutrosophic Rules for Decision-Making in the Case of Uncertain Data

An urgent need to make a rational decision has emerged in the world of rapid changes based on quantitative methods that reduce the proportion of risk, especially if the decisions are fateful and the decision issues are huge and complex, noting that the decision-making process and the selection of the optimal alternative depends on the quality of the data that describes the issue that the decision is intended to be taken. Because the theory of administrative decision-making depends on this data and on the type of this data if it is confirmed data or unconfirmed data and not specified with sufficient accuracy, or random data that is repeated according to a certain probability distribution law, after which the decision maker uses the methods used to obtain on the optimal decision. In this research we will study the theory of administrative decisions in the case of uncertain data, which is the situation that the decision maker faces, and he does not know anything certain about the state that nature (market or management --) will take, nor even about the possibilities of any of them, then it is assumed that the cases the possible ones are equal and they enter the analysis at the same opportunity and make a trade-off between the alternatives available to him in all circumstances. In the classical logic, a set of rules was used to help the decision maker to make the ideal decision, and since the ideal decision depends on specific classical values that do not take into account the changes that may occur in the work environment, which is represented by high prices or unavailability of materials or others, it was necessary to search for a better method that helps us to avoid dealing with specific values and gives us a margin of freedom. Therefore, in this research, we will study the theory of decision-making in the case of uncertain data using the Neutrosophic Logic, the logic that helps us to face fluctuations and changes that we may encounter during work, through uncertainty that the Neutrosophical values have, which we will take in the elements of the profit (or loss) matrix and rely on them in the decision-making process, as we will take these values in the form of fields representing the minimum field of profit (or loss) that we can get in the worst cases of nature, and represents the upper limit of the field of profit (or loss) that we can get in the best cases of nature, and we will show the most important rules used in the case of uncertain data with an applied example of each rule.

groups

Maissam Jdid mail -

Basel Shahin mail -

Fatima Al Suleiman mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.1803014

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 3

Details open_in_new

Journal of Neutrosophic and Fuzzy Systems |

Introduction to Intuitionistic Semigraph

In this paper, basic concepts of semigraph is introduced based on intuitionistic set. Definition of Intuitionistic Semigraph is introduced and Union, intersection, and complement of intuitionistic semigraph is studied with graph.

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International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication | 2022

Artificial Flora Optimization Algorithm with Functional Link Neural Network for DoS Attack Classification in WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is widely utilized for collecting data related to physical parameters from the environment. Security remains a challenging issue in the design of WSN. Security in WSN from Denial of Service (DoS) attack is an important security risk. This study introduces an artificial flora optimization algorithm with functional link neural network (AFOA-FLNN) model for DoS attack classification in WSN. The presented AFOA-FLNN model initially undergoes data pre-processing to transform the data into meaningful way. Secondly, the FLNN model is utilized for the effective recognition and classification of intrusions in WSN. Finally, the AFOA is exploited for optimally tuning the parameters involved in the FLNN model and results in enhanced performance. In order to demonstrate the better outcomes of the AFOA-FLNN model, a wide-ranging experimentation assessment on test data and the results pointed out the improved outcomes of the AFOA-FLNN model.

groups

Mahmoud A. Zaher mail -

Mohmaed A. Labib mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.040101

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 4 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication | 2021

Evaluating the Performance of Battery Electric Vehicles using an Incorporated Decision Support Framework Based on Ranking Algorithms

The use of alternative energy sources rather than fossil fuels will be unavoidable in the nearish term due to rising levels of toxic residues that threaten natural life and human health. Furthermore, the use of fossil fuels puts subsequent generations in danger from environmental damage and climate change. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), an environmentally friendly kind of vehicle, are important in light of transportation's significant contribution to the carbon footprint. In light of the recent fast growth of the BEV industry, it has become more important to consider all available BEV options from the perspective of the end-user. Each BEV's fundamental characteristics may be examined in order to make this evaluation. For the correct BEV buying choice, MCDM strategies are useful. As a result, eleven battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) are considered in this study. A variety of multi-criteria methodologies are used to rate these cars on the basis of their technical specifications, such as acceleration, pricing, battery life, and range. It is then used entropy weight and TOPSIS approaches to gather findings from different MCDM strategies. The entropy method is used to compute the weights of the criteria. Then the TOPSIS is used to rank the options.  The 3 key considerations for BEV choosing are "price," "permitted load," and "energy usage," with Tesla Model S emphasized as the preferred route. 

groups

Lobna Osman mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.030203

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 3 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Journal of Neutrosophic and Fuzzy Systems | 2022