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Found 3831 matches for "All Articles"

An Introduction to Probability, Hyper-Probability, and Super-Hyper-Probability

Standard probability theory assigns each event a single real value in [0, 1], satisfying non-negativity, normalization, and countable additivity. Hyper-Probability extends this notion by assigning to each event a set of probability values in [0, 1], thereby capturing multiple independent assessments from diverse sources. Super-HyperProbability further generalizes the framework by mapping events to iterated power sets of [0, 1], modeling hierarchical uncertainty across multiple aggregation levels. In this paper, we formally define the Hyper-Probability Measure and Hyper-Probability Distribution, examine their fundamental properties, and demonstrate how these constructs unify and extend classical probability within the Hyper- and Super-HyperProbability paradigms.

groups
Takaaki Fujita mail -
Ajoy Kanti Das mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/PMTCS.060101

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 6 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

HybridFunctorial Structure and MultiFunctorial Structure

A Functorial Structure is defined as a covariant functor F : C → Set, assigning sets to objects and functions to morphisms, ensuring functoriality. In this paper, we introduce and formally define two new concepts: the HybridFunctorial Structure and the MultiFunctorial Structure. A HybridFunctorial Structure combines two functors on the same category, linked by a natural transformation, ensuring consistent pushforward compatibility. A MultiFunctorial Structure involves multiple functors indexed by a preorder, coherently related via natural transformations, forming compatible families with functorial consistency.

groups
Takaaki Fujita mail -
Ajoy Kanti Das mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/PMTCS.060102

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 6 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

The Impact of Digital Banking Monetization on Bank Earnings Sustainability

Although research on digital banking monetization with financial performance is growing, few studies have focused on the sustainability of bank earnings through the perspective of digital revenue models. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of digital banking monetization and platform transaction income in achieving earnings sustainability in responding to the digital banking transformation. Collected banking data were subjected to a detailed regression analysis to estimate the conditional probability that a bank has a sustainable earnings structure, given the presence of one or more of its digital banking services. In order to analyze digital monetization and earnings sustainability while also including selection-related factors, certain financial indicators and control variables were combined with the dataset set defined by the sample selection process, which resulted in the Heckman selection model. The results show that banks’ favorable perceptions of the profitability of their digital banking services show digital monetization positively influences the formation of their earnings stability through the mediating effect of digital transaction income toward interest income diversification, fee-based revenues, and platform service charges. The results also show the positive impact of digital transaction revenues and platform service income on earnings stability during the digital banking expansion period. Moreover, understanding the contribution of digital banking monetization for earnings sustainability in relation to the platform-based model of banking is a contribution to financial research that may help future banks achieve faster digital transformation.

groups
Gulchekhrakhon Ostonakulova mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.030204

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 3 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

New Concepts of MetaStructures: Algebra, Topology, Lattices, Queues, Markov Chains, and Intervals

A MetaStructure is a higher-level framework that treats entire collections of structures as single objects, equipped with natural operations that preserve isomorphisms across different domains. The term “Struc- ture” here refers broadly to mathematical systems as well as real-world models. An Iterated MetaStructure generalizes this idea recursively, generating successive layers in which structures of structures form deeper hierarchical meta-levels. In this work, we extend and investigate the properties of Algebra, Topology, Lattices, Queues, Markov Chains, and Intervals through the lens of MetaStructures and Iterated MetaStructures.

groups
Takaaki Fujita mail -
Ajoy Kanti Das mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/GJMSA.130103

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 13 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Empirical Analysis of Financial Stability of Agro-Clusters in Uzbekistan

This study examines the financial stability of agro-clusters with a focus on identifying key determinants that influence long-term asset growth and overall economic sustainability. Using cross-sectional data, the research applies an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model to analyze the impact of workers, depreciation coefficient, validity coefficient, and current assets on long-term assets. The empirical results reveal that labor capacity, liquidity, and operational efficiency have a positive and statistically significant effect on financial stability, while the depreciation coefficient shows a negative but insignificant relationship. Diagnostic tests confirm the reliability and robustness of the model, including normality of residuals and absence of heteroscedasticity. The findings highlight the importance of efficient resource management, access to financial capital, and effective asset utilization in strengthening agro-cluster performance. From a policy perspective, the study suggests that improving workforce productivity, enhancing financial accessibility, and promoting modern management practices are essential for achieving sustainable growth in the agricultural sector. The results contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the financial dynamics of agro-clusters, particularly in the context of developing economies such as Uzbekistan.

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Dildora Yuldasheva mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.040101

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 4 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Cybercrime and Digital Competence among Students at a Public University in Lima

This article is part of an exhaustive study that aspired to determine the relationship between cybercrime and digital competence in sixth-cycle undergraduate students at a public university in Lima. The hypothesis was a sincere relationship between the two variables. The methodology applied is a quantitative, basic, correlational approach with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The results reflected a medium positive correlation between cybercrime and digital competence, with a Kendall's Tau-b coefficient of 0.585 and a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was evident that greater digital competence is associated with greater exposure to cybercrime risks, suggesting the need to implement educational strategies aimed at strengthening digital security in the university environment.

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Belén Vila Osores mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/JCIM.180102

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

An Explainable Hybrid SVM Framework for Spam and Malicious Email Detection in Enterprise Information Systems

Email has been a key communication and information-management tool in contemporary organizations, yet it is also one of the most misused avenues to spam, fraud, credential theft, and malicious code delivery. Lightweight and reproducible detection models are especially useful to universities, public institutions, and small-to-medium enterprises which might not have access to costly proprietary filtering infrastructures because of the operational relevance of email security. In this paper I suggest an Explainable Hybrid SVM Framework (EHSF) to detect spam and malicious-risk email in a business information system. The framework integrates TF–IDF representation of text with lightweight risk-based email indicators, such as structural and lexical cues that can be obtained at low computation cost. An external Enron- Spam data were used so that it may be reproducible and will be checked later by the reviewers and readers. The experimentation process was coded in Python and assessed in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, ROC-AUC, and confusion-matrix. These findings demonstrate that the suggested Linear SVM-based framework has the highest overall performance with accuracy of 0.9853, precision of 0.9818, recall of 0.9893, F1-score of 0.9855, and ROC-AUC of 0.9981 on the held-out test set. The confusion matrix shows that there were only 34 false negatives and 58 false positives which show that there was a good discrimination between ham and spam classes. Besides the predictive performance, the framework provides an interpretable layer based on the analysis of influential lexical indicators related to risky and legitimate enterprise emails. The research adds a replicable and operationally viable methodology that complies with the needs of cybersecurity and information-management, and is lightweight enough to be implemented in the real-life setting within an organization.

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Mahmoud A. Zaher mail -
Nabil M. Eldakhly mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/JCIM.180103

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Explainable Eye-Tracking-Based Cognitive Workload Classification for Interactive Visual Tasks: A Reproducible Human-Computer Interaction Study Using the Public COLET Dataset

Attention allocation, efficiency of interactions and the formation of errors during human-computer interaction (HCI) are directly influenced by cognitive workload. Eye tracking provides a feasible, non-invasive source of evidence to estimate workload since the behavior of gaze is strongly correlated with visual search, task processing and decision effort. The paper explores explainable cognitive workload classification based on explainable cognitive workload on the public COLET dataset; eye-tracking recordings of 47 subjects completing interactive search tasks of the visual-search with workload labels based on NASA-TLX. The five supervised learning models are tested on binary and four-class problems, and the most successful setup is analyzed via SHAP-based feature attribution. In both tasks, boosting-based ensembles are best at predictive behavior, with XGBoost scoring highest on the overall and binary low-v-high discrimination scores in the best range of performance reported in the original COLET benchmark. The feature analysis attribute shows that the most significant variables are gaze entropy, fixation time, pupil changes, and saccadic movements. The results are consistent with the application of explainable gaze-based models to adaptive interfaces that can adapt to a rising mental load by making the content simpler to present, varying the pacing, or attentive to important information.

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Mahmoud A. Zaher mail -
Nabil M. Eldakhly mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/JCHCI.100202

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 10 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Logistics Performance and Global Trade Integration: An Empirical Analysis of the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) Across 153 Countries

How much does logistics efficiency actually matter for a country’s trade performance in today’s volatile global economy? This study explores this question by analyzing a comprehensive dataset of 153 countries for the year 2023. Using a robust OLS regression, the research examines the direct relationship between the Logistics Performance Index (lpi) and national trade-to-GDP ratios, while also accounting for economic development (gdp_pc) and macroeconomic stability (inflation). The empirical results offer clear evidence that logistics is a primary driver of trade success. The model reveals that a better logistics environment has a statistically significant positive impact on trade integration (coefficient = 0.2798, p < 0.05). This suggests that reducing "trade friction" through smarter customs and better infrastructure is essential for global competitiveness. Furthermore, the analysis shows that while higher income levels support trade, price instability remains a major obstacle, with inflation showing a strong negative effect (-0.4174, p < 0.001). These findings lead to a straightforward conclusion: to thrive in the modern market, nations must look beyond physical borders and invest heavily in the speed, reliability, and digital integration of their supply chains. This research provides a practical roadmap for policymakers aiming to enhance their country’s international trade footprint.

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Pardaev Khurshidbek mail -
Muhammad Eid Balbaa mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.040105

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 4 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Data-Driven Customer Retention for SMEs: Predicting Repeat Purchase and Customer Value

The strategic importance of customer retention in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is due to the fact that the resources are limited, and the indiscriminate customer acquisition and customer retention campaigns are economically inefficient. However, the descriptive reporting used by many SMEs does not have the advantages of transactiondriven analytics that allows differentiating between high-value and low-yield customer relationships. This paper creates a repli-cable customer-analytics pipeline in SME-type retail environments, using publicly available transactional data. In con-trast to the macro-level forecasting research, the paper integrates customer value segmentation with the futureoriented repeat-purchase prediction and translates the results into retention actions explicitly. The customer-level features were based on invoices, quantities, prices, product variety, and return behavior and were derived using the public Online Retail dataset. Observation windows on a monthly were transformed into a repeat-purchase 90-day problem. Three predictive models—logistic regression, random forest, and gradient boosting—were compared after customer segmentation based on recency, frequency, and monetary behavior. The findings indicate that random forest model had the highest discrimination (ROC-AUC = 0.750; PR-AUC = 0.821), followed by logistic regression, which was only slightly less than it and more interpretable. Segment analysis also showed a very concentrated revenue base with Champions having 27.5 percent of the customers but 67.2 percent of recent revenue and 81.0 rate of repeat purchasing. The paper provides a submission-ready, transparently reproducible, and managerially understandable design that is particularly applicable in SMEs that want low-cost retention analytics, customer ranking, and allocation of marketing resources.

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Ilknur Ozturk mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/AJBOR.140201

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 14 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new