Performance Optimization of Transmission Gate-Based D Flip-Flop using Clock Gating Technique

Tamilselvan A.; Devika T.; Anitha S.

doi:https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.090102

Financial Technology and Innovation | 2025

Remedy-Aware Financial Innovation: A Hierarchical RegTech Framework for Consumer Complaint Resolution

Financial complaint systems keep track of instances of service failure as well as of the remedy chosen by the responding institution. The crucial question for operational supervision isn’t just one of categorization of complaints, however; compensation is scarce, expensive, and fits into a larger framework of explanation vs. relief. In this paper, an approach for the development of a regulatory technology framework for remedies is proposed, which conceptualises the resolution of complaints as a hierarchy. The first stage determines if a case will be decided on relief or explanation, and the second stage distinguishes monetary from non-monetary relief. This is done by using sparse and regularized models, which are calibrated on the following validation period, and tested on an untouched chronological holdout, combining structured intake attributes with complaint narratives. In the empirical application, 268,570 complaints were received by California in 2024. Monetary relief makes up 1.04% of independent test period, and accuracy is not the best criterion. The hierarchical model yields a monetary-relief precision-recall area of 0.335, whereas the flat text-tabular model and a flat model with the event prevalence yield 0.314 and 0.010, respectively. At the 2 percent review budget, it is able to identify 58.9 percent of monetary-relief cases and has a lift of 29.4 times over a random review. The flat fusion model is slightly better for overall three-class classification, demonstrating the benefit of a hierarchy of remedies when institutional capacity is focused on rare, consequential outcomes, rather than labelling. Results provide a practical design of human-supervised complaint triage while retaining calibration, interpretability, chronological validation, and clear usage limitations for automated complaint analysis.

groups

Laith Farhan mail -

Raad S. Alhumaima mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/FinTech-I.050201

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 5 / Iss. Issue 2

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International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science | 2025

Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) into Architectural Education: Pedagogical Challenges and Future Prospects: Case Study: Tartus University

This study investigates the challenges hindering the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) into architectural curricula in Syria, particularly at Tartus University. Despite growing industry recognition of BIM's benefits, academic institutions have exhibited initial resistance. The study analyzes existing BIM curricula, compares them to global benchmarks, and identifies key obstacles such as weak industry-academia links, insufficient resources, traditional teaching methods, and a lack of BIM expertise among faculty. To address these challenges, the study proposes a framework that includes strengthening industry-academia partnerships, enhancing financial and technical support, updating curricula and pedagogy, investing in faculty development, and establishing BIM centers of excellence. By implementing these strategies, Syrian universities can effectively integrate BIM into their curricula, bridging the gap between academia and the professional architectural community.

groups

Zeina Naddeh mail -

Rana Maya mail -

Waleed Mahfouz M. A. Youssef mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJBES.100202

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 10 / Iss. Issue 2

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International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science | 2025

The Impact of Building Material Modeling on Enhancing Building Sustainability (Energy Efficiency): A Case Study of a Residential Building in Basilia

This research aims to study the impact of building materials modeling on enhancing building sustainability through a case study of a residential building within the Basilia City planning scheme in Damascus, which is being transformed into a sustainable area using sustainable design techniques. The study is based on analyzing plot EA-189 in the Kfar Sousseh area by evaluating the thermal efficiency of the proposed building materials and comparing them with other materials using the Insight Solar tool in Autodesk Revit.The study involves analyzing three scenarios using different building materials: (1) Concrete blocks with air insulation and a bituminous insulated roof, (2) Brick with fiberglass insulation and a green roof, (3) A mix of brick and concrete blocks on different facades and a green roof. The results show that the second scenario provides the highest energy efficiency and best indoor air quality, despite its higher cost. The third scenario, which combines brick and concrete blocks, offers a balance between energy efficiency and cost, making it the optimal choice for future construction projects. The study demonstrates that building information modeling (BIM) enhances the effectiveness of sustainable design strategies and contributes to improved energy performance and environmental comfort of buildings.

groups

Mary Abou Sekka mail -

Naoras Khalil mail -

Alaa J Kadi mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJBES.100203

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 10 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science | 2025

The Impact of Building Material Modeling on Enhancing Building Sustainability (Carbon Emissions): A Case Study of a Residential Building in Basilia

This study addresses the impact of modeling building materials on improving building sustainability by analyzing a case study of a residential building in the Baselia area of Damascus, which has experienced the removal of orchards, leading to negative environmental impacts. The research focuses on evaluating the carbon footprint of the building materials used in the structure and cladding, utilizing Autodesk Forma to analyze life cycle and energy efficiency. The study includes an analysis of the impact of five different building materials on carbon emissions during the stages of production, transportation, installation, use, and disposal. Results show that composite steel has the highest carbon emissions compared to other materials, while wood materials, such as timber frame and mass timber, have the lowest emissions. For internal cladding, the differences between materials were relatively minor. The study recommends selecting building materials with lower environmental impact and enhancing energy efficiency, which contributes to reducing carbon emissions in the construction sector and supports achieving sustainability goals.

groups

Mary Abou Sekka mail -

Naoras Khalil mail -

Alaa J Kadi mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJBES.100204

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 10 / Iss. Issue 2

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International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science | 2025

The Impact of Building Material Modeling on Enhancing Building Sustainability (Shadow and Lighting): A Case Study of a Residential Building in Basilia

This study examines the impact of building material modeling on enhancing building sustainability through a case study of a residential building in the city of Basilia. The focus is on using Revit 2023 to model the building and analyze how building materials affect its sustainability. The modeling process includes analyzing the shadows cast by architectural elements and studying their impact on the performance of the building materials. Shadow reflections on energy and material efficiency are measured to determine how building sustainability can be improved through material design and distribution adjustments. Additionally, Revit Insight 2025 is used to evaluate the extent to which natural lighting is achieved through the building envelope and to study the impact of materials on lighting quality and energy efficiency. The research addresses how the building benefits from natural lighting and how this can be optimized with appropriate materials to achieve maximum energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. The study aims to provide a comprehensive model demonstrating how building sustainability can be enhanced through improved modeling of building materials and analysis of their environmental performance. Through these analyses, the research seeks to offer strategies and recommendations for designing more sustainable and energy-efficient buildings.

groups

Mary Abou Sekka mail -

Naoras Khalil mail -

Alaa J. Kadi mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJBES.100205

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 10 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication | 2025

Joint PAPR and Spectrum Sensing in CRNS: A VLSI-Based Approach for Secondary User Integration

In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio (PAPR) reduction is crucial for mitigating distortion in signals while optimizing spectral efficiency. This work offers a novel strategy for effectively reducing that PAPR in CRN systems, especially when secondary users are incorporated, by utilizing VLSI (Very-Large-Scale Integration) design approaches. The proposed strategy investigates VLSI methods for PAPR reduction, such as Partial-Transmit-Sequence (PTS) techniques. The system is appropriate for CRN applications because it can accomplish real-time PAPR reduction while preserving low power consumption and compact size by implementing these approaches in VLSI hardware. This could entail particular strategies for controlling PAPR with secondary users, such as joint PAPR and spectrum sensing approaches, dynamic power allocation, or user scheduling algorithms. Utilizing the predetermined values of pilot tones, the suggested decoder investigates every possible combination of weighting variables to determine which combination the transmitter has chosen and employed. There appears to be no data rate loss with the proposed decoder since it doesn't require any more pilot tones. This study next gives a digital execution of the described PTS decoder and illustrates its low power qualities, as well as the design and the encoder required at the transmitter to operate the suggested system is being developed using VLSI. The suggested architecture makes it easier for SUs to integrate with CRNs seamlessly. It allows SUs to effectively take advantage of available spectrum opportunities while complying with CRN restrictions and reducing interference with primary users by tackling PAPR and spectrum sensing concurrently. Furthermore, the study discusses the difficulties of incorporating secondary users into CRNs while retaining PAPR management.

groups

P. Shanmuga Sundaram mail -

M. Vasanthi mail -

P. Sangeetha mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JCHCI.090102

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 9 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Journal of Cognitive Human-Computer Interaction | 2025

Classification Segmentation and Visualization of Intracranial Hemorrhage in CT Brain Images

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) poses a large chance to affected person fitness, regularly modern requiring set off diagnosis and intervention. In latest years, the medical imaging techniques, specifically computed tomography (CT) scanning, have end up critical tools for detecting and characterizing ICH. This paper offers a complete evaluate comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art techniques for the segmentation, category, and visualization cutting-edge intracranial hemorrhage in CT mind pics. The evaluate encompasses numerous methodologies, consisting of conventional picture processing strategies, system cutting-edge algorithms, and deep brand new strategies, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and capability applications in scientific exercise. Additionally, it discusses the challenges associated with correct ICH detection and quantification, inclusive of the presence modern day artifacts, anatomical variations, and sophistication imbalance. Furthermore, the paper explores emerging tendencies in ICH research, which includes the combination trendy multimodal imaging information and the improvement trendy interactive visualization gear for enhanced medical choice-making. The segmented portion from each CT image is constructed into a single 3D volumetric structure and essential information such as region Area, volume and location are provided. Further the classification accuracy between normal brain and ICH brain is 95.8%. Such a 3D visualization, Classification and volumetric analysis of ICH can provide the exact and necessary information to the neurologist which is essential for the treatment of ICH.

groups

K. Rajesh mail -

A. Silambarasan mail -

R. Hemalatha mail -

E. Sharmila mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JCHCI.090102

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 9 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Metaheuristics | 2025

Optimizing accuracy rate of Detection of COVID-19: A Machine Learning approach

COVID-19, one of the most highly transmissible diseases in the twenty-first century, has had a profound impact on global lifestyles. Recently, the medical industry has increasingly relied on machine learning, which shows promise in anticipating the presence of COVID-19. By using machine learning techniques, test result turnaround time can be accelerated, and medical personnel can promptly attend to patients' needs. These algorithms analyze various attributes to classify COVID patients and predict their likelihood of contracting the disease. This study aims to utilize X-ray images processed by machine learning algorithms to predict the occurrence of COVID-19 and enhance its detection rate. The paper outlines two strategies employing machine learning techniques: one for predicting the likelihood of infection and the other for identifying positive cases. Different machine learning algorithms, such as decision trees, logistic regression, support vector machines, naive Bayes, and artificial neural networks, were employed. The simulation results reveal that the artificial neural networks model outperforms other methods in terms of accuracy rate.

groups

K. Selvi mail -

K. Muthumanickam mail -

P. Vijayalakshmi mail -

S. Sakthivel mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JAIM.090101

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 9 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication | 2025

VLSI Implementation of AES Block Cipher Based Data Hiding in Image Processing

A common symmetric key block cypher for protecting electronic data is called the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The implementation of the AES algorithm using Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) is examined in this study. Cryptographic algorithms can be realised in hardware thanks to VLSI, which has advantages over software implementations in terms of increased processing speed and security. In this work, an AES block cypher core designed and implemented with VLSI techniques is described. We investigate various architectural designs to maximise performance indicators such as area, power consumption, and throughput. The trade-offs between different implementation options and design concerns for important components such as S-boxes will be covered. To illustrate the performance and usefulness of the implemented AES core, simulation results will be given. This paper examines the VLSI implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), with a focus on image processing applications, even though it is essential for general data security. Effective on-chip encryption and decryption can be included into image processing systems by implementing the AES algorithm into specialised hardware circuits. Benefits of this VLSI design include enhanced performance over software-based solutions on resource-constrained image processing devices, the ability to encrypt images in real-time for secure transmission or storage, and the potential for reduced power usage for battery-powered applications.

groups

Kumarganesh S. mail -

Socratees P. mail -

Rajamanickam G. mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.090101

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 9 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication | 2025

Performance Optimization of Transmission Gate-Based D Flip-Flop using Clock Gating Technique

This work investigates into the meticulous analysis of the Transmission Gate (TG) based D Flip-Flop integrated with dynamic XOR-based clock gating, aimed at analyzing power consumption patterns and potential power savings across varying frequencies. While power consumption inherently reduces with smaller technology nodes, but this work demonstrates that dynamic clock gating can achieve further power savings, especially at higher operational frequencies and lower data activity. The outcomes represent a deeper understanding of power optimization techniques for sequential circuits. The analysis is performed using Cadence Virtuoso in a 90nm technology process, which determine the sophisticated interaction between design elements and power dynamics. Through comprehensive simulations, the power consumption of TG-based D flip-flops is meticulously examined across diverse technology nodes. Furthermore, the efficacy of integrating dynamic XOR-based clock gating to this flip-flop design is explored, unveiling its potential to yield substantial power savings. The research underscores the multifaceted nature of low-power design strategies, emphasizing their relevance across various hierarchies including system, architecture, circuit, and device levels. While advancements in technology nodes naturally lead to reduced power dissipation, this study illuminates the additional power-saving opportunities presented by the dynamic XOR-based clock gating approach. Especially, in this investigation highlights the significance of this approach particularly in scenarios characterized by higher frequencies of operation and low data activity. By leveraging dynamic XOR-based clock gating, the research showcases how power efficiency can be further augmented, offering insights into enhancing the overall energy efficiency of digital systems. In summary, this project provides a nuanced understanding of power dynamics in TG-based D flip-flops, shedding light on the intricate balance between technology advancements and innovative design methodologies for achieving optimal power efficiency. Through meticulous analysis and simulation, it unveils a promising avenue for realizing significant power savings, thereby contributing to the advancement of low-power design paradigms in modern digital systems.

groups

Tamilselvan A. mail -

Devika T. mail -

Anitha S. mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.090102

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 9 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new