This paper introduces a novel approach to the concept of neutrosophic Lie algebra by leveraging the AH isometry framework. We establish foundational properties of neutrosophic Lie algebra, demonstrating that each neutrosophic algebra inherently fulfills the criteria of a Lie algebra. Moreover, we introduce distinct neutrosophic Lie algebraic structures, providing illustrative examples to support these constructs. By integrating neutrosophic logic, our approach effectively addresses indeterminacy, ambiguity, and imprecision, enhancing the classical algebraic structures with new dimensions of flexibility. The potential applications of neutrosophic Lie algebra are vast, particularly in fields requiring nuanced treatments of uncertainty.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250401
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 01-09, (2025)
In This paper, we present a numerical approach to the seventh rank refined neutrosophic Runge-Kutta numerical method, where we provide the theoretical basis of this formula to be applicable on refined neutrosophic differential equations. In addition, we provide numerical tables to compare the validity of this new method with other methods, as well as a clear computation of absolute errors in terms of refined neutrosophic numbers.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250402
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 10-17, (2025)
In this paper, we study a novel numerical method for finding the neutrosophic numerical solutions to some neutrosophic boundary values problems in differential equations of high orders. The proposed method based on neutrosophic numerical collocations of higher degree polynomials as an approximation to solve the problems. In addition, we provide many mathematical proofs about the existence of the solutions with many different examples and numerical tables that clarify the validity of the proposed method.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250403
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 18-25, (2025)
In this paper, we introduce a new weak form of soft continuity called soft weak θ-continuity in soft topological spaces and investigate the relationships between soft weak θ-continuity and θ-continuity (resp. soft weak continuity and soft δ-continuity). We obtain several characterizations of soft weak θ-continuity. Also, we give sufficient conditions for the equivalence between soft weak θ-continuity and soft θ-continuity (resp. soft δ-continuity). Moreover, we investigate the link between soft weak θ-continuity and weak θ-continuity in classical topology. Furthermore, via soft weak θ-continuity, we obtain preservation theorems of soft hyperconnectedness and soft near compactness. Finally, we obtain soft restriction, soft product, and soft graph theorems of soft weak θ-continuity.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250404
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 26-41, (2025)
This paper presents a modified Laplace Adomian decomposition method (MLADM) to solve the nonlinear time-fractional coupled Jaulent–Miodek system. The proposed approach provides convergent series solutions with easily computable components, demonstrating both accuracy and simplicity in its application. By employing the Caputo fractional derivative, this study establishes a robust framework for analyzing nonlinear behavior in fractional differential equations. The effectiveness of the method is validated through comparisons with previous studies, with results illustrated using graphical representations. The solutions proposed herein are significant for modeling complex and dynamic real-world phenomena across various scientific disciplines. All computations and graphical results were carried out using Mathematica, emphasizing the method’s reliability, precision, and ease of application to nonlinear fractional systems. The study of fractional nonlinear systems is crucial for modeling complex, dynamic, and uncertain processes, which are core aspects of neutrosophic science. By addressing the intricate behavior of the nonlinear time-fractional coupled Jaulent–Miodek system, this work advances mathematical models that encapsulate uncertainty, indeterminacy, and complex interactions. Such an alignment with the principles of neutrosophic science underscores the relevance of our approach to the objectives of the International Journal of Neutrosophic Science, highlighting its potential to enhance the understanding and practical applications of complex systems.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250405
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 42-57, (2025)
In this paper, we continue the studyWd-fuzzy implication algebras which are subalgebras of fuzzy implication algebras. Properties and axiomatic systems for Wd-fuzzy implication algebras are presented, then a few new results on Wd-fuzzy implication algebras have been added. We showed that there are relations between Wdfuzzy implication algebras and some of other fuzzy logical algebras such as FI-algebras, RFI-algebras, CFIalgebras, HFI-algebras. In particular, the relations between Wd-fuzzy implication algebras and L-algebras are investigated, and we prove that every Wd-fuzzy implication algebras is a proper subclass of L-algebras. Finally, we introduce the notions of GWd-FI algebras, whose some properties of it are investigated. The relations between distributive GWd-FI-algebras, Hilbert algebras, BE-algebras and W-eo algebras have been obtained.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250406
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 58-72, (2025)
Let G be a group with identity e and let W be a G-graded ring. In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of Gr-2-nil ideals of W. We obtain many results concerning gr-2-nil ideals. Some characterizations of gr-2-nil ideals and their homogeneous components are given. A proper graded ideal I of W is said to be a gr-2-nil ideal of W if whenever rg, sh, ti ∈ h(W) with rgshti ∈ I, then either rgsh ∈ Gr (0) or rgti ∈ I or shti ∈ I.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250407
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 73-79, (2025)
Based on the concept of Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy set on a universe X, we introduce the concepts of intuitionistic fuzzy ideals and intuitionistic fuzzy filters on an intuitionistic fuzzy lattice. More specifically, we provide characterizations of these concepts in terms of the intuitionistic fuzzy lattice meet and join operations, in terms of some associated fuzzy sets, as well as, in terms of their crisp level sets. Furthermore, we introduce the concepts of prime intuitionistic fuzzy ideals (resp. filters) as interesting kinds, and investigate their various properties and characterizations.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250408
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 80-100, (2025)
Finally In this study, we define parameterized time fuzzy soft expert set (PTFSES) as an extension of fuzzy soft set. Additionally, we will clarify and investigate the characteristics of its primary operation (complement, union intersection, ”AND” and ”OR”). , we’ll apply this approach to decision-making difficulties.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250409
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 101-121, (2025)
In this paper we aims to provide a clear definition of Neutrosophic Fuzzy Soft Sets and explain its fundamental operations through relevant examples. This work examines the computation of static Expected Time of Arrival (ETA) utilizing neutrosophic fuzzy soft set values and the fundamental Expected Time of Arrival. Our research also investigates the incorporation of sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) methods to create reliable and adaptable dynamic Expected Time of Arrival(ETA) prediction models. Through the utilization of many types of data, such as current traffic statistics, weather conditions, road conditions, vehicle status, and driver behavior, we suggest a comprehensive system that adapts to changing circumstances and consistently enhances its ability to make accurate predictions. Our methodology utilizes cutting-edge machine learning algorithms to analyze and interpret vast amounts of diverse data. In addition, we tackle the difficulties of managing uncertainty and indeterminacy in data by utilizing Neutrosophic Fuzzy Soft Sets, which improve the model’s resilience and dependability.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250410
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 122-134, (2025)
This paper investigates the theoretical basis of fermatean neutrosophic sets, which were first introduced by Smarandache, to clarify the relationship between single-valued fermatean neutrosophic sets and their role as specific subsets in the wider context of fermatean neutrosophic sets, particularly in science and engineering. This study investigates fermatean neutrosophic INK-ideals within INK-algebras using the translation concept, which is proposed as an extension of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. First, translation fermatean neutrosophic INKalgebras are presented and their fundamental features are studied. Furthermore, the research investigates properties related to the translation of INK-subalgebras and INK-ideals, as well as the dynamics of their unions, intersections, and multiplications for fermatean neutrosophic INK-ideals. The article adds definitions and theorems to provide a complete grasp of the problems of fermatean neutrosophic INK-algebras.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250411
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 135-146, (2025)
In this article, we combined the Epanechnikov kernel function with the pareto distribution to produce the Epanechnikov-Pareto distribution (EPD). Some properties of this distribution are studied, like the moments, MLEs, reliability analysis functions, ordered statistics, and quintile function.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250412
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 147-155, (2025)
This article introduces the idea of neutrosophic ideal of a near algebra and provides a definition and example. A few fundamental features related to this approach are also explored. We also present the topics neutrosophic near algebra homomorphism, kernel of a neutrosophic near algebra and coset of a neutrosophic ideal of a near algebra. It is been briefed with the appropriate definitions and theorems on it. It is been proved that sum of the right neutrosophic ideal of a near algebra is also a right neutrosophic ideal of a near algebra over a neutrosophic field.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250414
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 169-175, (2025)
Accurately representing the complex linkages and inherent uncertainties included in huge datasets is still a major difficulty in the field of data clustering. We address these issues with our proposed Unified Neutrosophic Clustering Algorithm (UNCA), which combines a multifaceted strategy with Neutrosophic logic to improve clustering performance. UNCA starts with a full-fledged similarity examination via a λ-cutting matrix that filters meaningful relationships between each two points of data. Then, we initialize centroids for Neutrosophic K-Means clustering, where the membership values are based on their degrees of truth, indeterminacy and falsity. The algorithm then integrates with a dynamic network visualization and MST (Minimum Spanning Tree) so that a visual interpretation of the relationships between the clusters can be clearly represented. UNCA employs Single-Valued Neutrosophic Sets (SVNSs) to refine cluster assignments, and after fuzzifying similarity measures, guarantees a precise clustering result. The final step involves solidifying the clustering results through defuzzification methods, offering definitive cluster assignments. According to the performance evaluation results, UNCA outperforms conventional approaches in several metrics: it achieved a Silhouette Score of 0.89 on the Iris Dataset, a Davies-Bouldin Index of 0.59 on the Wine Dataset, an Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) of 0.76 on the Digits Dataset, and a Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) of 0.80 on the Customer Segmentation Dataset. These results demonstrate how UNCA enhances interpretability and resilience in addition to improving clustering accuracy when contrasted with Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), Neutrosophic C-Means (NCM), as well as Kernel Neutrosophic C-Means (KNCM). This makes UNCA a useful tool for complex data processing tasks.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250415
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 176-192, (2025)
Cold transportation is one among the unquenching needs of people around the globe. Although cost sensitive, refrigerated transportation is preferred globally as it ensures the quality of perishable items in pharmaceutical, food and beverages, chemicals and certain other industries during transportation. However, many refrigerated vehicles fail in offering consistent preservation as most of their cooling units depend on the vehicle’s engine. It is also important to acknowledge that operating a vehicle unceasingly to maintain temperature is impossible in real life. This set up of poor cold logistics and supply chain leads to an increased deterioration of sensitive items. The paper overcomes this complication by adjoining an extra power source that supports freezing during the shutdown time of the vehicle engine by proposing improved mathematical models on Multi-Objective Cold Fuzzy Solid Transportation Problem (MOCFSTP) with an extra time parameter relating to the static and delay condition of the vehicles during various preservation modes (zero, semi, full) and defends them with comparable scrutinizing. The objectives contemplated in the problem are minimizing the cost, time and rate of deterioration. Numerical examples are discussed in detail and solved using reknown methods in LINGO (19.0) to stress on the effectiveness of the models.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250416
Vol. 25 Issue. 4 PP. 193-202, (2025)