2571-1075ISSN (Online)
Volume 6 , Issue 2 , PP: 29-38, 2023 | Cite this article as | XML | Html | PDF | Full Length Article
Yara Drebati 1 * , Doha Jdeed 2 , Bilal Zaarour 3
Doi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJBES.060202
Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs) systems are a promising and innovative technology that has gained significant attention in the last decade. These systems aid buildings in meeting their energy demands, thereby addressing the rising energy needs. This case study was conducted on the Engineers Association Branch in Latakia.The experimental method was used to calculate the needed electrical loads, it was found that replacing 74m² of south-facing traditional glass windows of the Syndicate of Engineers building, with polycrystalline photovoltaic windows (P-Si), will produce 59.2 kilowatts, which is a sufficient amount to cover the total electrical load for the lighting and the operating office equipment, this mean to have a zero-energy building over a period of 30 to 35 years, in addition to save 65000kg of CO2 for the 30 later years. This study is particularly important in Syria's reconstruction phase, which will involve the construction of numerous tower buildings with large glass facades, where space for installing solar panels may be limited on the roofs, Therefore, the integration of solar panels in the facades is the ideal solution to cover the needed loads.
Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs) , polycrystalline , photovoltaic windows , solar energy , renewable energy , Zero energy-building , CO2 emissions , BIM , Sustainability.
[1] T. Ma, H. Yang, and L. Lu, ‘Solar photovoltaic system modeling and performance prediction’, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 36, pp. 304–315, 2014.
[2] I. Dincer, ‘Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review’, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 157–175, 2000.
[3] D. Arvizu et al., ‘Direct solar energy’, 2011, Accessed: Dec. 25, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://publications.csiro.au/rpr/pub?list=BRO&pid=changeme:2737&sb=RECENT&n=4&rpp=25&page=196&tr=5026&dr=all&dc4.browseYear=2011
[4] T. Tsoutsos, N. Frantzeskaki, and V. Gekas, ‘Environmental impacts from the solar energy technologies’, Energy Policy, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 289–296, 2005.
[5] V. Devabhaktuni, M. Alam, S. S. S. R. Depuru, R. C. Green II, D. Nims, and C. Near, ‘Solar energy: Trends and enabling technologies’, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 19, pp. 555–564, 2013.
[6] S. R. Bull, ‘Renewable energy today and tomorrow’, Proc. IEEE, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 1216–1226, 2001.
[7] B. Parida, S. Iniyan, and R. Goic, ‘A review of solar photovoltaic technologies’, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1625–1636, 2011.
[8] L. Pérez-Lombard, J. Ortiz, and C. Pout, ‘A review on buildings energy consumption information’, Energy Build., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 394–398, 2008.
[9] X. Cao, X. Dai, and J. Liu, ‘Building energy-consumption status worldwide and the state-of-the-art technologies for zero-energy buildings during the past decade’, Energy Build., vol. 128, pp. 198–213, 2016.
[10] X. Cao and P. Jin, ‘Solar modulation utilizing VO2-based thermochromic coatings for energy-saving applications’, in Emerging Solar Energy Materials, IntechOpen London, UK, 2018.
[11] R. Lesyuk et al., ‘Simulation study of environmentally friendly quantum-dot-based photovoltaic windows’, J. Mater. Chem. C, vol. 5, no. 45, pp. 11790–11797, 2017.
[12] T. Zhang, M. Wang, and H. Yang, ‘A review of the energy performance and life-cycle assessment of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems’, Energies, vol. 11, no. 11, p. 3157, 2018.
[13] P. Heinstein, C. Ballif, and L.-E. Perret-Aebi, ‘Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): review, potentials, barriers and myths’, Green, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 125–156, 2013.
[14] E. Biyik et al., ‘A key review of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems’, Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J., vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 833–858, 2017.
[15] R. Safour, S. Ahmed, and B. Zaarour, ‘BIM Adoption around the World’.
[16] S. S. M. Ishak and R. Doheim, ‘An exploratory study of building information modelling maturity in the construction industry, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 6–19, 2021.
[17] A. Elhendawi, A. Smith, and E. Elbeltagi, ‘Methodology for BIM implementation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, vol. 2, no. 1, 2019.
[18] Salamah, T., Shibani, A., and Alothman, K. (2023). Improving AEC Project Performance in Syria Through the Integration of Earned Value Management System and Building Information Modelling: A Case Study, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 74-95.
[19] A. Banawi, O. Aljobaly, and C. Ahiable, ‘A Comparative Review of Building Information Modeling Frameworks’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 23–49, 2019.
[20] M. Hamma-adama, T. Kouider, and H. Salman, ‘Analysis of barriers and drivers for BIM adoption.’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science. Sci., vol. 3, no. 1, 2020.
[21] A. Elhendawi, H. Omar, E. Elbeltagi, and A. Smith, ‘Practical approach for paving the way to motivate BIM non-users to adopt BIM’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, vol. 2, no. 2, 2020.
[22] H. B. ep Ghedas, ‘Trombe wall as a passive design strategy in Tunisian dwelling using BIM technology’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, vol. Volume 4, no. Issue 2, pp. 79–89, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.54216/IJBES.040205.
[23] M. H. Shaban and A. Elhendawi, ‘Building Information Modeling in Syria: Obstacles and Requirements for Implementation’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, vol. 1, no. 1, 2018.
[24] Lepkova, N., Maya, R., Ahmed, S., & Šarka, V. (2019). BIM Implementation Maturity Level and Proposed Approach for the Upgrade in Lithuania, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, Vol. 2, No. 1, PP. 22-38 (Doi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJBES.020102).
[25] S. Ahmed, P. Dlask, O. Selim, and A. Elhendawi, ‘BIM Performance Improvement Framework for Syrian AEC Companies’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 21–41, 2018.
[26] Salami, H., and Alothman, K. (2022). Engineering Training and its Importance for Building Information Modelling, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, Vol. 5, No. 1, PP. 41-60 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJBES.050103).
[27] Al Hammoud, E. (2022). COMPARING BIM ADOPTION AROUND THE WORLD, SYRIA’S CURRENT STATUS AND FURTURE, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, Vol. 4, No. 2, PP. 64-78.
[28] A. F. Elgendi, A. Elhendawi, W. M. M. Youssef, and A. S. Darwish, ‘The Vulnerability of the Construction Ergonomics to Covid-19 and Its Probability Impact in Combating the Virus’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, vol. 4, no. 1, PP. 01–19, 2021.
[29] M. Evans, P. Farrell, E. Elbeltagi, A. Mashali, and A. Elhendawi, ‘Influence of partnering agreements associated with BIM adoption on stakeholder’s behaviour in construction mega-projects’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science., vol. 3, no. 1, PP. 1–20, 2020.
[30] A. Mashali and A. E. Tantawi, ‘BIM-based stakeholder information exchange (IE) during the planning phase in smart construction megaprojects (SCMPs)’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science., vol. Volume 5, no. Issue 1, PP. 08–19, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.54216/IJBES.050101.
[31] Al Hammoud, E., and Ahmed, S. (2022). Submitting BIM to the Educational Plan for the Faculty of Architecture According to NARS and ARS Standards, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, Vol. 5, No. 1, PP. 20-40.
[32] H. B. E. Ghedas, ‘Skylight as a passive design strategy in Tunisian dwelling using BIM technology’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science., vol. 4, no. 1, PP. 18–25, 2021.
[33] B. Abd Alnoor, ‘BIM model for railway intermediate station: transportation perspective’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 33–3, 2022.
[34] B. Zaarour, N. Mayhoub, and N. Mayhoub, ‘Effect of needle diameters on the diameter of electrospun PVDF nanofibers’, International Journal of BIM and Engineering Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 26–32, 2021.
[35] C. Peng, Y. Huang, and Z. Wu, ‘Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in architectural design in China’, Energy Build., vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 3592–3598, 2011.
[36] M. Ordenes, D. L. Marinoski, P. Braun, and R. Rüther, ‘The impact of building-integrated photovoltaics on the energy demand of multi-family dwellings in Brazil’, Energy Build., vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 629–642, 2007.
[37] J. Cronemberger, E. Caamaño-Martín, and S. V. Sánchez, ‘Assessing the solar irradiation potential for solar photovoltaic applications in buildings at low latitudes–Making the case for Brazil’, Energy Build., vol. 55, pp. 264–272, 2012.
[38] W. E. Alnaser et al., ‘First solar radiation atlas for the Arab world’, Renew. Energy, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 1085–1107, 2004.
[39] H. Kim, H.-S. Kim, J. Ha, N.-G. Park, and S. Yoo, ‘Empowering semi-transparent solar cells with thermal-mirror functionality’, Adv. Energy Mater., vol. 6, no. 14, p. 1502466, 2016.
[40] A. K. Ghosh, C. Fishman, and T. Feng, ‘Theory of the electrical and photovoltaic properties of polycrystalline silicon’, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 446–454, 1980.
[41] D. M. Fébba, R. M. Rubinger, A. F. Oliveira, and E. C. Bortoni, ‘Impacts of temperature and irradiance on polycrystalline silicon solar cells parameters’, Sol. Energy, vol. 174, pp. 628–639, 2018.
[42] W. Ali, H. Farooq, A. U. Rehman, Q. Awais, M. Jamil, and A. Noman, ‘Design considerations of stand-alone solar photovoltaic systems’, in 2018 International conference on computing, electronic and electrical engineering (ICE Cube), 2018, pp. 1–6.
