Volume 15 , Issue 1 , PP: 45-58, 2024 | Cite this article as | XML | Html | PDF | Full Length Article
Hussam Elbehiery 1 , Samah Ibrahim A. Aal 2 , Ahmed Abdelhafeez 3 * , Ahmed E. Fakhry 4 *
Doi: https://doi.org/10.54216/FPA.150104
Nowadays, intelligent information technology can implement high-level information processing and decision-making activities that can support risk assessment of autonomous. Risk assessment is a critical process for deploying autonomous ships, ensuring these innovative vessels' safe and efficient operation. There is a need to identify, analyze, and mitigate potential risks associated with system reliability, collision avoidance, cybersecurity, environmental conditions, human interaction, regulatory compliance, sensor performance, data integrity, emergency response, and testing and validation. This work provides an overview of the essential considerations and objectives of risk assessment in autonomous boats. We used the multi-criteria decision-making model to deal with various criteria. The Ranking of Alternatives through Functional Mapping Criterion Sub-Intervals into Single Interval (RAFSI) method is applied to rank the alternatives. We used the ten criteria and twenty options in this study. The results show that the proposed framework can provide a comprehensive risk assessment framework that can enable stakeholders to gain insights into potential hazards and vulnerabilities unique to autonomous ships.
Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) , Information Systems (IS) , Information Technology (IT) , Internet of things (IoT) , Artificial Intelligence (AI)
[1] I. B. Utne, B. Rokseth, A. J. Sørensen, and J. E. Vinnem, “Towards supervisory risk control of autonomous ships,” Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 196, p. 106757, 2020.
[2] C.-H. Chang, C. Kontovas, Q. Yu, and Z. Yang, “Risk assessment of the operations of maritime autonomous surface ships,” Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 207, p. 107324, 2021.
[3] X.-Y. Zhou, Z.-J. Liu, F.-W. Wang, Z.-L. Wu, and R.-D. Cui, “Towards applicability evaluation of hazard analysis methods for autonomous ships,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 214, p. 107773, 2020.
[4] H. M. Tusher, Z. H. Munim, T. E. Notteboom, T.-E. Kim, and S. Nazir, “Cyber security risk assessment in autonomous shipping,” Maritime economics & logistics, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 208–227, 2022.
[5] M. Chaal et al., “Research on risk, safety, and reliability of autonomous ships: A bibliometric review,” Safety science, vol. 167, p. 106256, 2023.
[6] K. M. Sallam and A. W. Mohamed, “Single Valued Neutrosophic Sets for Assessment Quality of Suppliers under Uncertainty Environment,” Multicriteria Algorithms with Applications, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2023.
[7] A. El-Douh, S. Lu, A. Abdelhafeez, and A. Aziz, “A Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria Model for Evaluating Sustainable Soil Enhancement Methods and their Cost Implications in Construction,” SMIJ, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 11, 2023.
[8] A. Abdelhafeez, H. Mahmoud, and A. S. Aziz, “Identify the most Productive Crop to Encourage Sustainable Farming Methods in Smart Farming using Neutrosophic Environment,” Neutrosophic Systems with Applications, vol. 6, pp. 17–24, 2023.
[9] Prem Kumar Singh, Dark data analysis using Intuitionistic Plithogenic graphs, Journal of International Journal of Neutrosophic Science, Vol. 16 , No. 2 , (2021) : 88-100 (Doi : https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.160204).
[10] R. Mohamed and M. M. Ismail, “Harness Ambition of Soft Computing in Multi-Factors of Decision-Making Toward Sustainable Supply Chain in the Realm of Unpredictability,” Multicriteria Algorithms with Applications, vol. 2, pp. 29–42, 2024.
[11] A. H. Abdel-aziem, H. K. Mohamed, and A. Abdelhafeez, “Neutrosophic Decision Making Model for Investment Portfolios Selection and Optimizing based on Wide Variety of Investment Opportunities and Many Criteria in Market,” Neutrosophic Systems with Applications, vol. 6, pp. 32–38, 2023.
[12] H. Wang, F. Smarandache, Y. Zhang, and R. Sunderraman, “Single valued neutrosophic sets,” Infinite study, vol. 12, 2010.
[13] K. Tam and K. Jones, “Cyber-risk assessment for autonomous ships,” in 2018 International Conference on Cyber Security and Protection of Digital Services (Cyber Security), IEEE, 2018, pp. 1–8.
[14] J. Montewka, K. Wróbel, E. Heikkilä, O. Valdez Banda, F. Goerlandt, and S. Haugen, “Challenges, solution proposals and research directions in safety and risk assessment of autonomous shipping,” Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management PSAM, vol. 14, pp. 16–21, 2018.
[15] T. Trym, E. F. Brekke, and T. A. Johansen, “On collision risk assessment for autonomous ships using scenario-based MPC,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 14509–14516, 2020.
[16] V. Bolbot, G. Theotokatos, J. McCloskey, D. Vassalos, E. Boulougouris, and B. Twomey, “A methodology to define risk matrices–Application to inland water ways autonomous ships,” International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, vol. 14, p. 100457, 2022.
[17] C. A. Thieme, I. B. Utne, and S. Haugen, “Assessing ship risk model applicability to Marine Autonomous Surface Ships,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 165, pp. 140–154, 2018.
[18] Å. S. Hoem, “The present and future of risk assessment of MASS: a literature review,” in Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL), Hannover, Germany, 2019, pp. 22–26.
[19] V. Bolbot et al., “A novel risk assessment process: Application to an autonomous inland waterways ship,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability, vol. 237, no. 2, pp. 436–458, 2023.
[20] H. Itoh, T. Yuzui, M. Shiokari, E. Ishimura, R. Miyake, and J. Kudo, “Risk assessment of autonomous ship systems,” ClassNK technical journal, no. 4, pp. 11–23, 2021.
[21] C. Fan, J. Montewka, and D. Zhang, “A risk comparison framework for autonomous ships navigation,” Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 226, p. 108709, 2022.
[22] Å. S. Hoem, “Risk Assessment in the Design phase of Maritime Autonomous Ships–A Human-centered approach,” 2023.
[23] M. Žižović, D. Pamučar, M. Albijanić, P. Chatterjee, and I. Pribićević, “Eliminating rank reversal problem using a new multi-attribute model—the RAFSI method,” Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 1015, 2020.
[24] A. Alosta, O. Elmansuri, and I. Badi, “Resolving a location selection problem by means of an integrated AHP-RAFSI approach,” Reports in Mechanical Engineering, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 135–142, 2021.
[25] İ. Z. Akyurt, D. Pamucar, M. Deveci, O. Kalan, and Y. Kuvvetli, “A flight base selection for flight academy using a rough macbeth and rafsi based decision-making analysis,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2021.
[26] S. L. Stoev, “RaFSi–a FastWatershed algorithm based on rainfalling simulation,” 2000.
[27] D. Božanić, A. Milić, D. Tešić, W. Salabun, and D. Pamučar, “D numbers–FUCOM–fuzzy RAFSI model for selecting the group of construction machines for enabling mobility,” Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 447–471, 2021.
[28] I. Gokasar, M. Deveci, M. Isik, T. Daim, A. A. Zaidan, and F. Smarandache, “Evaluation of the alternatives of introducing electric vehicles in developing countries using Type-2 neutrosophic numbers based RAFSI model,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 192, p. 122589, 2023.
[29] M. Mohamed, “Toward Smart Logistics: Hybrization of Intelligence Techniques of Machine Learning and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making in Logistics 5.0,” Multicriteria Algorithms with Applications, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 42–57, 2023.
[30] Z. Qiao, Y. Zhang, and S. Wang, “A collision risk identification method for autonomous ships based on field theory,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 30539–30550, 2021.
[31] Ø. J. Rødseth and H.-C. Burmeister, “Risk assessment for an unmanned merchant ship,” TransNav, International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety Od Sea Transportation, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 357–364, 2015.
[32] C. Fan, J. Montewka, and D. Zhang, “Towards a framework of operational-risk assessment for a maritime autonomous surface ship,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 13, p. 3879, 2021.
[33] J. E. Vinnem and I. B. Utne, “Risk from cyberattacks on autonomous ships,” Safety and Reliability-Safe Societies in a Changing World, 2018.
[34] J. de Vos, R. G. Hekkenberg, and O. A. V. Banda, “The impact of autonomous ships on safety at sea–a statistical analysis,” Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 210, p. 107558, 2021.
[35] Akyildiz H, and Mentes A"An integrated risk assessment based on uncertainty analysis for cargo vessel safety" Safety Science 92, DOI:10.1016/j.ssci.2016.09.009, 2017
[36] Zhang, X Zhang Q, Yang J, and Cong Z , Jing Luo, and Huanwan Chen " Safety Risk Analysis of Unmanned Ships in Inland Rivers Based on a Fuzzy Bayesian Network", Journal of Advanced Transportation, DOI:10.1155/2019/4057195, 2019
[37] Cheng H, Zheng S , and Feng J, A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Method for Sustainable Ferry Operator Selection: A Case Study, Sustainability 2022, 14(10), 6135; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106135, 2022.
[38] Koohathongsumrit N , "An Integrated Approach of Fuzzy Risk Assessment Model and Data Envelopment Analysis for Route Selection in Multimodal Transportation Networks, Expert Systems with Applications 171(6), DOI:10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114342, 2020.
[39] Liao H, Wang J, and Al-Barakati A, "International Journal of Fuzzy Systems Article An Overview of Interval Analysis Techniques and Their Fuzzy Extensions in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making: What’s Going on and What’s Next?" , Volume 25, 2081–2108, 2023