Volume 25 , Issue 1 , PP: 303-314, 2025 | Cite this article as | XML | Html | PDF | Full Length Article
Edwin Fabián Cerda Andino 1 * , Jaime Orlando Rojas Molina 2 , Nuria Danae Toapanta Naranjo 3 , Dina Mariel Yánez Sánchez 4
Doi: https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250127
The extraction of dehydrated proteins from whey is not only a technological innovation in the field of biotechnology, but also a complex intersection of socioeconomic and environmental factors that deserve detailed evaluation. This article delves into the analysis using the neutrosophic PEST-SWOT approach, revealing how the political, economic, social, and technological dimensions interact with the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats of this emerging practice. The neutrosophic methodology allows us to unravel nuances that other approaches might overlook, highlighting both the potential benefits and the possible negative repercussions that may arise in different contexts. Whey, traditionally considered waste, is revalued by being transformed into a source of protein, which has profound implications for sustainability and the circular economy. However, neutrosophic analysis also exposes the complexities and ambiguities inherent to this activity. From an environmental perspective, whey extraction and processing pose significant challenges, such as energy consumption and waste generated, that must be carefully managed. In the socioeconomic sphere, the creation of new value chains can generate employment and foster innovation, but it can also destabilize existing markets and generate inequalities. Adopting a neutrosophic approach allows for a more holistic evaluation, recognizing the coexistence of multiple truths and the need for a balance between the various interests involved. Thus, this article invites deep reflection on the implications of technology, proposing an informed and multifaceted debate on its future development and application.
Proteins , Serum , SWOT Analysis , PEST Analysis , Neutrosophic Single Value Numbers , Neutrosophic PEST-SWOT Analysis.
[1] KE Almeida, AY Tamime, MN Oliveira, "Effect of total solids content of whey on the acidification properties and viability of lactic acid bacteria", LWT - Food Science and Technology, Praxis. 42, no. 2, pp. 672-678, 2009.
[2] HK Hernández, FP GARCIA, VER CRUZ, YM Santillán, MAM Marceau, “Physical and chemical properties of serum: phosphorus reduction”, Universidad Acta, Volume 22, Number 1, November 18, 2012.
[3] HK Hernández, FP GARCIA, VER CRUZ, YM Santillán, MAM Marceau, "Physical and chemical properties of serum: the ability to reduce phosphorus", Acta Universidad, Vol. 22, number 1, November 18, 2012, pp. [Online]. URL: http://www.actauniversitaria.ugto.mx/index.php/acta/article/view/304/282.
[4] RAP Huertas, “Whey: its importance in the food industry”, Magazine of the National Institute of Agriculture in Medellín, Vol. 62, No. 1. 4967-4982, 2009. Available: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf /1799/179915377021.pdf.
[5] MJ Jáuregui Vásconez, “Composition of animal and vegetable nutritional supplements for athletes”, Master's thesis, Universidad Interamericana, Quito, 2020 [Online]. Available: http://dspace.udla.edu.ec/handle/33000/12188.
[6] to . Kotinas et al., “Whey valorization: development of innovative integrated technologies for initial production in the dairy industry,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, no. 1. 3734-3739, 2009.
[7] M. Londoño, J. Sepúlveda, A. Hernández and J. Parra, “Fresh cheese drink fermented from whey mixed with Lactobacillus casei”, Revista del Colegio Nacional Agropecuario de Medellín, vol. 61, No. 1. 1 page 4409-4421,
[8] AD López Hernández, “Microencapsulated mucus by spray”, Cuban Journal of Pharmaceutical Products, vol. 44, no. 1. 3, pp. 381-389, 2010. Available: http://sky.sld.cu/sky.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-75152010000300013&length=one&tlng=one.
[9] Diaz-Bustamante, M. L., Keppler, J. K., Reyes, L. H., & Solano, O. A. A. (2023). Trends and prospects in dairy protein replacement in yogurt and cheese. Heliyon, 9(6).
[10] Różyło, R. (2020). Recent trends in methods used to obtain natural food colorants by freeze-drying. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 102, 39-50.
[11] JR Nora Sais, “Process design for the production of whey protein through spray drying”, Master's Thesis, National University of Chimborazo, 2017.
[12] Yasir, M. Zafar, A. Anas, M. (2023). Implementation and execution of NEP-2020: a study conducted using neutrosophic PESTEL analysis. Journal of International Journal of Neutrosophic Sciences, 20 (2), 86-106.
[13] Benzaghta, M.A., Elwalda, A., Mousa, M.M., Erkan, I. and Rahman, M. (2021). Applications of SWOT analysis: An integrative review of the literature. Journal of Global Business Insights, 6(1), 54-72.
[ 1 4 ] Yasir, M. Zafar, A. Anas, M. (2023). NEP-2020's Implementation & Execution: A Study Conducted Using Neutrosophic PESTEL Analysis. Journal of International Journal of Neutrosophic Science, 20( 2), 86-106.).
[ 1 5 ] Longsheng, C., Shah, S.A.A., Solangi, Y.A., Ahmad, M. and Ali, S. (2022). A multi-criteria integrated SWOT analysis on the implementation of sustainable waste-to-energy in Pakistan. Renewable Energy, 195, 1438-1453.
[ 16 ] Farrokhnia, M., Banihashem, S.K., Noroozi, O. and Wals, A. (2024). A SWOT Analysis of ChatGPT: Implications for Educational Practice and Research. Innovations in International Education and Teaching, 61(3), 460-474.
[ 1 7 ] Vázquez, ML, Hernández, JH, Batista- Hernández, N.., Salvatierra, JAA, and Baryolo, OG (2018). A framework for PEST analysis based on fuzzy decision maps. Spaces, 39, 13.
[ 1 8 ] Matović, I.M. (September 2020). PESTEL analysis of the external environment as a success factor for a startup. In Proceedings of the ConScienS conference (pp. 96-102). Scientia Moralitas Research Institute.
[ 19 ] Joselyne, I. Marina, C. P., P. Cagin, T. (2024). Fusion of Expert Judgment using the Neutrosophic Delphi Method to Evaluate Tax Behavior. Journal of International Journal of Neutrosophic Science, 23( 4), 302-307.
[20] Elisabeth, Nery. , I., Anderson. , E., Isaac. , N., Mirian. , Kümmel, Christian. Neutrosophic Delphi method to analyze the impact of Internships on the comprehensive development of university students. Journal of International Journal of Neutrosophic Science, vol. 24, no. 4, 2024, pp. 223-232.
[21] Abd El-khalik, W. (2022) “ A Machine Learning Approach for Improved Thermal Comfort Prediction in Sustainable Built Environments ”, Sustainable Machine Intelligence Journal , 1, pp. (2):1–8. doi:10.61185/SMIJ.2022.11101 .
[22] Md, Z. A., N. A., N. Hakimi, M. Ahmad, G. Al-Sharqi, F. Al-Quran, A. M., A. (2024). A DEMATEL Analysis of the Complex Barriers Hindering Digitalization Technology Adoption in the Malaysia Agriculture Sector. Journal of Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things, 13( 1), 21-30.