Volume 17 , Issue 2 , PP: 23-33, 2026 | Cite this article as | XML | Html | PDF | Full Length Article
Hanan T. Halawani 1 *
Doi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JCIM.170203
Digital text document serves as the essence of existing communication but still pose major safety concerns on their vulnerability to tampering. Digital text watermarking acts as a powerful tool to secure the reliability of textual data. Presenting a hidden layer of safety and accountability enables organizations and individuals to make sure of the truth behind each file and trust the written word. Watermarking detects tampering by checking the embedded signature for changes or distortions. The Watermark model is capable of mechanically repairing and classifying themselves once tampered with, enhancing document resilience. Watermarking is an effective mechanism to identify tampering attacks in digital documents. The specialized process of embedding imperceptible and strong watermarks in document creation or distribution detects alterations. This study proposes the Crayfish Optimization with a Watermarking Scheme for Automated Tampering Text Detection (CFOWS-ATTD) technique. The major purpose of the CFOWS-ATTD technique is to accomplish the security of English text using content authentication and tampering detection. In the CFOWS-ATTD technique, two-stage processes are involved. Moreover, the CFOWS-ATTD technique generates a watermark from the text document and performs extraction to verify text authenticity. Furthermore, the CFO approach optimally places the watermark to ensure it remains robust and imperceptible to tampering. The experimentation of the CFOWS-ATTD approach is performed under the ELST, ESST, EHMST, and EMST datasets. The results implied that the CFOWS-ATTD approach obtains optimum performance over other techniques.
Digital Watermarking , Tampering Text Detection , Crayfish Optimization , Text Authentication , Embedding
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