Journal of International Economics Research
Journal DOI
PendingISSN (Online)
Excursion services — organized tours and guided visits to cultural, historical, natural, and recreational sites — play a central role in the tourism industry. In Uzbekistan, rising international arrivals, expansion of accommodation infrastructure, and growing demand for cultural and heritage experiences make high-quality excursion services increasingly important. This article explores the concept and types of excursions, analyses recent Uzbekistan tourism data, and discusses how excursion services can contribute to sustainable growth, visitor satisfaction, and economic benefits. It also reviews modern trends such as digitalization, customization, and responsible tourism in the Uzbek context.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.020101
Vol. 2 Issue. 1 PP. 01-06, (2025)
Increasing price volatility in agricultural markets poses a serious challenge to income stability and investment planning for agricultural producers, particularly in transition economies such as Uzbekistan. Market liberalization, exposure to global commodity price fluctuations, climate-related shocks, and exchange rate movements have intensified price risks in the agricultural sector, making traditional administrative and ad hoc support mechanisms insufficient. Under these conditions, the relevance of market-based price risk management instruments has grown substantially. The purpose of this article is to examine the theoretical foundations and practical applicability of price risk hedging instruments - namely futures, options, and agricultural insurance - in the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan. The study is based on an analytical and empirical approach that combines descriptive statistical analysis, variance-based hedging effectiveness assessment, and comparative analysis of international practices. The empirical dataset covers monthly price observations for key agricultural commodities in Uzbekistan over the period 2015–2024 (n = 360). The results show that price volatility, measured by the coefficient of variation, reaches 21.6% for fruits and 24.3% for vegetables, compared to 14.8% for wheat and 11.2% for cotton. Simulated hedging scenarios demonstrate that the application of price hedging instruments reduces income volatility from 22.5% under unhedged conditions to 13.4% under hedged conditions, corresponding to a variance reduction of up to 41.3%, depending on the commodity. The study substantiates the effectiveness of combining market-based hedging instruments with agricultural insurance to enhance income stability. The practical significance of the results lies in their applicability for developing risk-oriented agricultural policies and financial instruments, while the theoretical contribution consists in adapting classical hedging concepts to the institutional conditions of Uzbekistan’s agricultural sector.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.020102
Vol. 2 Issue. 1 PP. 07-14, (2025)
This paper examines the processes of automation and robotics as key directions of modern industrial and technological development. Automation and robotics play an important role in improving labor productivity, improving product quality, reducing production costs and minimizing the impact of the human factor. The article analyzes the basic concepts, principles and stages of implementation of automated systems and robotic complexes, as well as their impact on the efficiency of production processes. The advantages and limitations of automation, as well as the socio-economic consequences of its implementation, including changes in the employment structure and requirements for personnel qualifications, are considered. It was concluded that the development of automation and robotics is a prerequisite for increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in the digital economy.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.020103
Vol. 2 Issue. 1 PP. 15-19, (2025)
The main target areas of this article is to analyze the impact of fast growing digital economy in the labor market, as well as the rise in the number of under-skilled workers due to the rapid changes in required skills and qualifications. Alongside with foreign literature attachments, the influence of automation, artificial intelligence, digital knowledge and platforms, and the “gig economy” are thoroughly examined. There is a social survey conducted covering more than one thousand employees from six different sectors in order to understand the extent of the growing number of unskilled and unemployed staff in the labor market of Uzbekistan. To deeply analyze and correct some units of this scientific research (with an exception in the main and econometric analysis part) various methods, such as econometrics, empirical model, artificial intelligence to name just a few has been implemented. In the end, it has been concluded that the formation of adaptable digital, soft competencies in the education system is a priority.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.020104
Vol. 2 Issue. 1 PP. 20-26, (2025)
Given its rapid expansion and growing policy salience among global digital markets, we know considerably less about how these digital economy and e-commerce dynamics change during a regime of cross-border data flows. While previous research has emphasized the role of digital trade openness in shaping patterns of online market participation, limited attention has been given to how regulatory frictions in cross-border data transmission may be an underlying constraint to improve digital market integration. The aim of the study was to identify causal mechanisms for participation of different types of firms in e-commerce activities, their entry, use, intensity, and the resulting trade outcomes. In this paper, the analysis examines the determinants of cross-border digital engagement at the firm level, in combination with a comparative evaluation of digitally active and non-active enterprises. The empirical strategy of the study was structured by analyzing the selection bias of firms into e-commerce adoption, followed by some counterfactual estimations of the matched samples to produce unbiased treatment effects. An overview is provided of the econometric framework and identification strategy used for the estimation in the presence of non-random participation. The key variables with statistically significant effects in the matched estimations were digital connectivity and regulatory data openness, indicating that the likelihood of e-commerce participation would be easily amplified and sustained in a liberal and predictable cross-border data environment. Some evidence of the more heterogeneous and asymmetric relationships between firm characteristics and e-commerce outcomes is provided, and persistence of digital participation in the post-entry period is confirmed (average treatment effect; t = 2.87). Future research should include longitudinal datasets to test the stability of cross-border data flow effects for different stages of firm digitalization. These findings suggest that this line of empirical evidence provides credible guidance to policymakers in economies that require balanced digital trade regulation.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JIER.020105
Vol. 2 Issue. 1 PP. 27-36, (2025)