2836-4449ISSN (Online)
Mathematical structures can generally be extended into Hyperstructures and SuperHyperstructures by leveraging powerset and n-th iterated powerset constructions (cf.7, 17, 31). These frameworks are particularly effective for representing hierarchical systems across various conceptual domains. Game Theory is a mathematical discipline for analyzing strategic interactions among rational agents with conflicting or cooperative objectives and finite choices.5, 10, 26 HyperGame Theory extends this by modeling situations in which players possess misperceptions or differing beliefs about the game being played.23 These ideas can be further generalized into the concept of SuperHyperGames.15 This paper explores the mathematical properties and illustrative examples of both HyperGame Theory and SuperHyperGame Theory. We hope that this investigation contributes to future developments in the theory and application of game-theoretic frameworks.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/PAMDA.040201
Vol. 4 Issue. 2 PP. 01-14, (2024)
Mathematical examples rely on constructing mathematical models consisting of an objective function and constraints. These models may be linear, nonlinear, or otherwise. The objective function is either a maximization function or a minimization function for a given quantity. Nonlinear programming constitutes an important and fundamental part of operations research and is more comprehensive than linear programming. Therefore, researchers have focused on presenting studies that help find the optimal solution to these problems. Most of these studies have focused on the importance of knowing the type of objective function—whether it is convex or concave—because this knowledge helps determine the type of maximum value we obtain when studying a nonlinear programming problem. The Hessian matrix was used for this purpose. In this research, we will present the most important concepts that can be used when determining the type of maximum value for a nonlinear programming problem, as mentioned in some classic references. We will then reformulate them using the concepts of neutrosophic logic.
Read MoreDoi: https://doi.org/10.54216/PAMDA.040202
Vol. 4 Issue. 2 PP. 15-22, (2024)