Volume 18 , Issue 2 , PP: 375-385, 2026 | Cite this article as | XML | Html | PDF | Full Length Article
Santosh B. Dhekale 1 * , S. S. Nikam 2 , D. K. Shedge 3
Doi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.180226
Human-computer interaction (HCI), artificial intelligence (AI), and HI are in high demand these days. In fields like marketing, client feedback analysis, security, and healthcare, facial expression- grounded emotion recognition becomes a pivotal tool for comprehending mortal feelings. Facial expressions like fear, disgust, surprise, anger, sadness, and happiness are pivotal pointers of emotional countries. Businesses can ameliorate client gests by relating these pointers and measuring client satisfaction with goods or services. The discovery of mortal feelings has been achieved with machine literacy algorithms like support vector machines and arbitrary timbers. The effectiveness of deep literacy models for emotion discovery has been validated by earlier studies that employed Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to reliably classify feelings grounded on facial expressions. Likewise, recent developments in deep literacy, particularly the operation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), have significantly increased the delicacy of facial emotion recognition and interpretation from images and live camera aqueducts. In order to reuse face images with CNN models for real- time emotion recognition, our exploration attempts to produce an emotion recognition system using Python and OpenCV. The current study describes how to watch live videotape aqueducts for facial expressions to identify which of the seven linked feelings is most likely to do. This system provides emotional behavior in real time when needed.
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) , Emotion Recognition , OpenCV , Machine Learning , Sentiment Analysis , Real-Time Monitoring
[1] R. Vamshi N. and B. Raja S., “Facial expression recognition using deep learning,” arXiv, Jun. 7, 2020.
[2] K. Balasaranya, P. S. Rani, P. A. Sriya, S. K. R. Taj, and N. Anu Reethika, “Real-time emotion recognizer and classifier for facial expressions based on machine learning approach,” Turk. J. Comput. Math. Educ., vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 1958–1964, 2021.
[3] P. Nam, H. Choi, J. Cho, and I. J. Kim, “PSI-CNN: A pyramid-based scale-invariant CNN architecture for face recognition robust to various image resolutions,” Appl. Sci., vol. 8, no. 9, Art. no. 1561, 2018, doi: 10.3390/app8091561.
[4] V. Suma Avani, S. G. Shaila, and A. Vadivel, “Geometrical features of lips using the properties of parabola for recognizing facial expression,” Cogn. Neurodyn., vol. 15, pp. 481–499, June 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11571-020-09638-x.
[5] Kumar, S. K. Gupta, and R. Kumar, “Emotion recognition from facial expressions using deep learning techniques: A review,” Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 233-240, 2021, doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120528.
[6] V. G., K. S., H. B., and J. V., “Emotion detection using machine learning,” in Proc. NCICCT, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT), vol. 8, no. 08, May 2020.
[7] S. M. Gowda and H. N. Suresh, “Facial expression analysis and estimation based on facial salient points and action unit (AUs),” Int. J. Elect. Electron. Res., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 7–17, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.37391/IJEER.100102.
[8] M. F. Ali, M. Khatun, and N. A. Turzo, "Facial emotion detection using neural network," Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res., vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1485–1491, Aug. 2020.
[9] K. R. V. Raj and R. Gododagi, “Fingerprint recognition using ordinal measures,” in Proc. ICESMART, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT), vol. 3, no. 19, 2015.
[10] V. Andrearczyk and P. F. Whelan, “Texture segmentation with fully convolutional networks,” arXiv:1703.05230, Mar. 2017.
[11] M. A. Rahman, M. A. H. Chowdhury, and M. A. Hossain, “Facial emotion recognition using hybrid deep learning model,” J. King Saud Univ. - Comput. Inf. Sci., vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 4234–4245, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2020.04.002.
[12] P. Angusamy, S. Inba, K. S. Pavithra, M. A. Shathali, and M. Athibarasakthi, “Human emotion detection using machine learning techniques,” SSRN Electron. J., Jan. 2020, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3591060.
[13] R. Deshmukh and V. Jagtap, "A comprehensive survey on techniques for facial emotion recognition," Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1–6, 2017.
[14] T. K. Dey, A. K. Saha, and P. K. Choudhury, “Real-time emotion recognition from facial expressions using machine learning techniques,” J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput., vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 3931–3945, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12652-021-03490-5.
[15] V. Hosur and A. Desai, “Facial emotion detection using convolutional neural networks,” in *Proc. IEEE 2nd Mysore Sub-section Int. Conf. (MysuruCon)*, Oct. 2022, pp. 1–4, doi: 10.1109/MysuruCon55714.2022.9972510.
[16] S. Depuru et al., “Empirical study of human facial emotion recognition: A deep learning,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Commun. Informat. (ICCCI), Coimbatore, India, 2023, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/ICCCI56745.2023.10128492.
[17] K. Talele and B. Chourasia, “Student’s emotions identification using CNN,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Eng. Technol., vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1426–1434, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.34218/IJARET.11.11.2020.130.
[18] S. P. Reddy, J. V. S. S. Varshini, A. Mounika, T. Vineela, V. Sunil, and O. Prameela, “Facial emotion detection using deep learning,” Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Innov. Res., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. d700–d707, May 2022.
[19] B. J. D. Kalyani et al., “Smart multi-model emotion recognition system with deep learning,” Int. J. Rec. Innov. Trends Comput. Commun., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 139–144, 2023, doi: 10.17762/ijritcc.v11i1.6061.
[20] J. G. Jyothi, J. Kalomika, and T. Manasa, “Detection and recognition of human emotion using machine learning,” Int. J. Sci. Res. Sci. Technol., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 962–965, Mar.–Apr. 2023.
[21] X. Lu, “Deep learning based emotion recognition and visualization of figural representation,” Front. Psychol., vol. 12, Art. no. 818833, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.818833.
[22] N. Yadav, O. Kudale, S. Gupta, A. Rao, and A. Shitole, “Twitter sentiment analysis using machine learning for product evaluation,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Invent. Comput. Technol. (ICICT), Feb. 2020, pp. 181–185, doi: 10.1109/ICICT48043.2020.9112381.
[23] Maiden and B. Nakisa, “Complex facial expression recognition using deep knowledge distillation of basic features,” arXiv: 2308.06243, Aug. 2023.
[24] T. Sahlol et al., “A novel method for detection of tuberculosis in chest radiographs using artificial ecosystem-based optimization of deep neural network features,” Symmetry, vol. 12, no. 7, Art. no. 1146, 2020, doi: 10.3390/sym12071146.
[25] N. Narayanan et al., “Hybrid machine learning architecture for automated detection and grading of retinal images for diabetic retinopathy,” J. Med. Imag., vol. 7, no. 3, Art. no. 034501, 2020, doi: 10.1117/1.JMI.7.3.034501.
[26] Sathya and P. Dhatchana, “Facial expression-based emotion detection for adaptive teaching in educational environments,” Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res. Technol., vol. 10, no. 1, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14613833.
[27] J. Shawon, A. Tabassum, and R. Mahmud, “Emotion detection using machine learning: An analytical review,” Malays. J. Sci. Adv. Technol., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 32–43, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.56532/mjsat.v4i1.195.