2690-6791ISSN (Online)
2769-786XISSN (Print)
Volume 15 , Issue 2 , PP: 164-182, 2025 | Cite this article as | XML | Html | PDF | Full Length Article
Indra Kishor 1 * , Udit Mamodiya 2 , Bright Keswani 3
Doi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.150212
The objective of this research is to offer a comparative evaluation of IoT based static and single-axis solar tracking systems with respect to energy efficiency, economic viability, and impediments in the implementation of both static and single-axis solar tracking systems. In order to fill in the gaps in the current literature on their performance comparison. In this research work, IoT technology has been used to monitor both systems in real time over a period of 30 days in comparable under the similar environmental conditions for data collection and analysis. The research also implements the Fuzzy Logic Controller-based algorithm, developed for the single-axis solar tracking system provides a dynamic and flexible mechanism to optimize solar energy capture. It intelligently adjusts the solar panel's angle based on real-time sensor data, ensuring that the panel is always positioned to maximize sunlight exposure. The data characteristics like solar radiation, temperature, voltage and these different effects were monitored to help in the determination of energy output and the overall efficiency of the system. The findings confirm that the IoT-based single-axis tracking system considerably improved the average system efficiency by 7% as compared to the static system. However, the high installation and maintenance costs of IoT-based single-axis systems increase complexity, posing challenges for mass adoption, particularly in small-scale applications. This paper demonstrates how IoT tracking systems offer improved efficiency of single axis trackers to achieve higher energy efficiency. This work will help in the decision making process for the future solar energy projects where there will be a need to consider the costs against the operational and performance advantages to balance performance benefits with cost and operational consideration. Studies have shown that IoT technology application enhances efficiency and energy operational parameters of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Solar tracking , Static , Single-axis , Cloud-based monitoring , Photovoltaic performance , Renewable energy
[1] L. A. Abdul-Rahaim, A. A. Abdullah, and A. K. L. Aquraishi, “IoT Cloud System Based Dual Axis Solar Tracker Using Arduino,” Innovative Information Science & Technology Research Group, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 193–202, May 2023. doi: 10.58346/jisis.2023.i2.012.
[2] M. E. E. Alahi et al., “Integration of IoT-Enabled Technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Smart City Scenario: Recent Advancements and Future Trends,” Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, vol. 23, no. 11, p. 5206, May 2023. doi: 10.3390/s23115206.
[3] M. I. Ali, “IoT based smart solar PV monitoring system; A Cost Effective and reliable solution,” vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 8–14, Jan. 2023. doi: 10.30537/sjcms.v6i2.1160.
[4] K. Qouneh, “Internet of Things: Solar array tracker,” [Online]. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8053109.
[5] C. Augustine, A. Zolan, and K. Armijo, “Analysis of gaps in technoeconomic analysis to advance heliostat technologies for concentrating solar-thermal power,” Apr. 2024. doi: 10.1115/1.4065431.
[6] R. Chandra, T. Bhaumik, and D. Banerjee, “Arduino Based Solar Tracking System as a Step towards Efficient Utilization of Clean Energy: A Review,” International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET), vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1511–1514, Feb. 2023. doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2023.49306.
[7] F. J. Folgado et al., “IoT Monitoring Solution for a Middle-Scale Grid Powered by PV Solar Tracker,” May 2023. doi: 10.3390/ecp2023-14635.
[8] H. González et al., “Design and performance evaluation of a solar tracking panel of single axis in Colombia,” Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES), vol. 11, no. 4, p. 2889, Apr. 2021. doi: 10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp2889-2898.
[9] S. S. Jaafar, H. A. Maarof, H. B. Hamasalh, and K. A. Ahmed, “Comparative performance evaluation of dual-axis solar trackers: Enhancing solar harvesting efficiency,” vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 23–31, Jul. 2024. doi: 10.55981/j.mev.2024.808.
[10] Y. I. Jenie, G. Y. Pardomoan, and M. A. Moelyadi, “Development of an automatic solar tracker control system for a tandem-winged UAV and its implementation strategies,” vol. 7, no. 7, p. 442, Jul. 2023. doi: 10.3390/drones7070442.
[11] Y. I. Jenie, G. Y. Pardomoan, and M. A. Moelyadi, “Development of an Automatic Solar Tracker Control System for a Tandem-Winged UAV and Its Implementation Strategies,” Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, vol. 7, no. 7, p. 442, Jul. 2023. doi: 10.3390/drones7070442.
[12] A. U. Krismanto, R. P. M. D. Labib, H. Setiadi, A. Lomi, and M. Abdillah, “Hardware implementation of type-2 fuzzy logic control for single axis solar tracker,” Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES), vol. 35, no. 1, p. 102, May 2024. doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v35.i1.pp102-112.
[13] K. T. Magombo, L. G. A., and N. Muusha, “An efficient IoT based solar photovoltaic system with sun-tracking and power monitoring capabilities,” pp. 5348–5361, Jun. 2024. doi: 10.55248/gengpi.5.0624.1592.
[14] M. S. Mukundaswamy et al., “IoT Based Solar Tracking System with Automatic Dust Monitoring System,” vol. 2, no. 06, pp. 1838–1844, Jun. 2024. doi: 10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0253.
[15] P. G. Murade, S. Om, A. Pujari, and S. Kharde, “IOT Based Dual Axis Solar Module Tracking Using Cloud Computing,” International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET), vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 6245–6247, May 2023. doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2023.53155.
[16] A. Musa et al., “A Review of Time-Based Solar Photovoltaic Tracking Systems,” Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 211, Mar. 2023. doi: 10.3390/info14040211.
[17] M. D. Nugraha, K. A. Mahabojana, and N. A. Prabawa, “Design and build an Internet of Thing (IOT) solar panel monitoring and solar tracking system,” vol. 9, no. 4, Jun. 2023. doi: 10.21744/irjeis.v9n4.2334.
[18] Orueta, “An Industry 4.0 Approach for Photovoltaic Plants Monitoring,” Nov. 2018. doi: 10.3390/proceedings2231409.
[19] K. R. Oyshei, K. M. S. Hasan, N. Sadat, and M. A. Hoque, “Comparative Analysis of Solar Module Configuration and Tracking Systems for Enhanced Energy Generation in South Sakucia Union, Bhola, Bangladesh: A Software Based Analysis,” Elsevier BV, vol. 10, no. 13, e33884, Jul. 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33884.
[20] M. A. Ponce-Jara, I. Pazmiño, Á. Moreira-Espinoza, A. Gunsha-Morales, and C. Rus-Casas, “Assessment of Single-Axis Solar Tracking System Efficiency in Equatorial Regions: A Case Study of Manta, Ecuador,” Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, vol. 17, no. 16, p. 3946, Aug. 2024. doi: 10.3390/en17163946.
[21] P. M. D. D. L. V. M. H. Quang, “Management of solar energy in microgrids using IoT-based dependable control,” Oct. 2017. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.03422.
[22] S. M. Sheikh et al., “Solar Power Monitoring System Using IoT,” doi: 10.56726/irjmets36223.
[23] N. Rezaiguia et al., “Study and Simulation of an Efficient Smart MPPT Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic Theory,” 2024. doi: 10.1109/icsmartgrid61824.2024.10578133.
[24] R. K. Tripathi, V. Vijayan, C. M. Chandra, and S. K. Das, “Integrating Fuzzy Logic with LDR Sensors for Optimized Solar Energy Harvesting in Sun-Tracking Systems,” 2023. doi: 10.1109/iccsai59793.2023.10420997.
[25] M. S. Khan, M. A. Talha, and S. Ahmad, “Enhancing Solar System Efficiency Based on Precise Real-Time Energy Data Analysis and Sun Position Tracking,” 2024. doi: 10.1109/iceeict62016.2024.10534438.
[26] F. A. Ali, R. Ali, M. Jabbar, and T. S. El‐Hasan, “Performance Analysis and Comparison Between Fuzzy Logic Algorithm and PI-Controller in Photovoltaic System,” 2023. doi: 10.1109/eiceeai60672.2023.10590481.
[27] V. Vimal, “Enhanced Solar Tracking System Utilizing IoT for Optimal Energy,” 2024. doi: 10.1109/icscss60660.2024.10625348.
[28] H.-L. Shang and W. Shen, “Design and Implementation of a Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System,” Energies, 2024. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/13/3217.
[29] R. V. N. Kumar et al., “Hybrid Intelligent Control of Solar Tracking Systems,” 2023. doi: 10.1109/iecse55032.2023.10754165.
[30] A. B. Ali, N. A. Syamsul, and W. H. Zainal, “IoT Based Smart Solar Energy Monitoring System Using Cloud Platform,” Solar Energy, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 2120–2130, Jan. 2025. doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2025.01.019.
