1
Telecommunication Department, Faculty of Engineering, Egyptian Russian University (ERU) Cairo, Egypt
(algwaal@yahoo.com)
2
Telecommunication Department, Faculty of Engineering, Egyptian Russian University (ERU) Cairo, Egypt
(shimaa.krosh@gmail.com)
3
Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt, P.O. 32952
(elsayedelrabaie@gmail.com)
Abstract :
Wireless networks are considered a hot topic in dealing with data without need to routers or other infrastructures. Each node has a part of routing responsibility. This result to a huge of data in forwarding to other nodes and will need high speed to process. Photonic crystal applications come to solve the necessity for such speed with small circuitry area. One of the main factors that affect their operation is the structure topology. Ring resonator, cavity based structures, self-collimation, and waveguide approaches are some of these topologies. OR gate is proposed in this paper to be simulated and evaluated as one of the basic element block. This design is built on a square lattice- photonic crystal construction on a ring resonator basis. Rotation of 90, 180, and 270 degrees are applied in clockwise direction. Sensitivity analysis, and carefully rod locations are considered to obtain remarkable performance. Minimum size and highly data rate are two characteristics that discriminates this design. The minimum size of 51.48 μm2 is obtained. The bit rates of 1.35, 6.35, 3.2, and 2.53 Tb/s are calculated with the 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees, respectively. Comparison table is well organized for the recently published photonic crystal OR-gate that based on ring resonator. Finite difference time domain and Plan wave expansion method are used to analyze the proposed structure at 1.55μm wavelength to verify OR- gate operation.
Keywords :
Wireless networks; OR-gate; Photonic crystal applications; Ring resonator; Photonic crystal topology; Bit rate.
References :
[1] Yoo, H., Heo, K., Ansari, M.H.R., Cho, S.: Recent advances in electrical doping of 2d
semiconductor materials: Methods, analyses and applications, Nanomaterials,(2021) vol. 11, no.
4. 2021, doi: 10.3390/nano11040832.
[2] García de Arquer, F.P., Talapin, D. V., Klimov, V.I., Arakawa, Y., Bayer, M., Sargent, E.H.:
Semiconductor quantum dots: Technological progress and future challenges,Science (New
York,N.Y.), (2021) vol. 373, no. 6555. 2021, doi: 10.1126/science. aaz8541.
[3] Mano, M.M., Ciletti, M.D.: Digital Design, Pearson College Div; 4th edition (January 1, 2006).
[4] Nadimi Goki, P., Tufano, A., Cavaliere, F., Potì, L.: SOA Model and Design Guidelines in
Lossless Photonic Subsystem. New Adv. Semicond.NewAdv.Semicond., (2022)
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103048., vol. 119, no. 25, 2021, doi: 10.1063/5.0063118.
[5] Kashiwazaki, T., Yamashima, T., Takanashi, N., Inoue, A., Umeki, T., Furusawa, A.:
Fabrication of low-loss quasi-single-mode PPLN waveguide and its application to a modularized
broadband high-level squeezer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 119, (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0063118.
[6] Li, M., Lai, X., Li, C., Song, Y.: Recent advantages of colloidal photonic crystals and their
applications for luminescence enhancement. Mater. Today Nano. 6, (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtnano.2019.100039.
[7] Abbaszadeh, A., Makouei, S., Meshgini, S.: Highly sensitive triangular photonic crystal fiber
sensor design applicable for gas detection. Adv. Electromagn. 10, (2021).
https://doi.org/10.7716/aem.v9i1.1539.
[8] Bozorgzadeh, F., Ahmadi, D., Sahrai, M.: Innovative fiber Bragg grating filter based on a
graphene photonic crystal microcavity. Appl. Opt. 59, (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.59.000084.
[9] Mostafa, T.S., Mohammed, N.A., El-Rabaie, E.S.M.: Ultra-High bit rate all-optical AND/OR
logic gates based on photonic crystal with multi-wavelength simultaneous operation. J. Mod.
Opt. 66, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2019.1598587.
[10] Rao, D.G.S., Swarnakar, S., Kumar, S.: Design of photonic crystal based compact all-optical 2 ×
1 multiplexer for optical processing devices. Microelectronics J. 112, 105046 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2021.105046.
[11] Naghizade, S., Sattari-Esfahlan, S.M.: An Optical Five Channel Demultiplexer-Based Simple
Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator for WDM Applications. J. Opt. Commun. 41, 37–43 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0129.
[12] Mostafa, T.S., El-Rabaie, E.S.M.: All-Optical D-Flip Flop with Multi-Wavelength Operation
Based on Photonic Crystal. Proc. Int. Japan-Africa Conf. Electron. Commun. Comput. JAC-ECC
2019. 184–187 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/JAC-ECC48896.2019.9051118.
[13] Jiang, Z., Li, P., Xu, G.: Terahertz Wave 4-2 Encoder Based on Photonic Crystal. Zhongguo
Jiguang/Chinese J. Lasers. 48, (2021). https://doi.org/10.3788/CJL202148.2014002.
[14] Maleki, M.J., Soroosh, M., Mir, A.: Ultra-fast all-optical 2-to-4 decoder based on a photonic
crystal structure. Appl. Opt. 59, 5422 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.392933.
[15] Parandin, F., Reza Malmir, M.: Reconfigurable all optical half adder and optical XOR and AND
logic gates based on 2D photonic crystals. Opt. Quantum Electron. 52, (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-2167-3.
[16] Mostafa, T., krosh, shimaa, El-Rabie, E.-S.: Appropriate Photonic Crystal Topology for
Appropriate Applications. Menoufia J. Electron. Eng. Res. 31, 75–86 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.21608/mjeer.2022.128016.1049
[17] Maleki, M.J., Soroosh, M.: A novel proposal for performance improvement in two-dimensional
photonic crystal-based 2-To-4 decoders. Laser Phys. 30, (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ab9089.
[18] Anagha, E.G., Jeyachitra, R.K.: Optimized design of an all-optical XOR gate with high contrast
ratio and ultra-compact dimensions. Appl. Phys. B Lasers Opt. 128, (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-021-07747-x.
[19] Photonic Design Software | RSoft Products", Synopsys.com, 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.synopsys.com/optical-solutions/rsoft.html. [Accessed: 28- Jan- 2023].
[20] "COMSOL Multiphysics® Software - Understand, Predict, and Optimize", COMSOL
Multiphysics©, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics.
[Accessed: 28- Jan- 2023].
[21] Salmanpour, A., Mohammadnejad, S., Bahrami, A.: All-optical photonic crystal AND, XOR,
and or logic gates using nonlinear Kerr effect and ring resonators. J. Mod. Opt. 62, 693 –700
(2015). https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2014.1003256.
[22] Fasihi, K.: Design and simulation of linear logic gates in the two-dimensional square-lattice
photonic crystals. Optik (Stuttg). 127, 4669–4674 (2016).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.02.012.
[23] Salmanpour, A., Mohammadnejad, S., Omran, P.T.: All-optical photonic crystal NOT and OR
logic gates using nonlinear Kerr effect and ring resonat ors. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 3689–
3703 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-015-0238-7.
[24] Pirzadi, M., Mir, A., Bodaghi, D.: Realization of Ultra-Accurate and Compact All-Optical
Photonic Crystal or Logic Gate. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28, 2387–2390 (2016).
https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2016.2596580.
[25] Saranya, D., Rajesh, A.: Design and analysis of optical and and or logic gates using two
dimensional photonic crystal. Proc. Int. Conf. Inven. Comput. Informatics, ICICI 2017. 253 –257
(2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICI.2017.8365349.
[26] Rahmani, A., Asghari, M.: An ultra-compact and high speed all optical OR/NOR gate based on
nonlinear PhCRR. Optik (Stuttg). 138, 314–319 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.03.034.
[27] Hussein, H.M.E., Ali, T.A., Rafat, N.H.: New designs of a complete set of Photonic Crystals
logic gates. Opt. Commun. 411, 175–181 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.11.043.
[28] Rebhi, S., Najjar, M.: A new design of a photonic crystal ring resonator based on Kerr effect for
all-optical logic gates. Opt. Quantum Electron. 50, 1–17 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1628-4.
[29] Mostafa, T.S., Mohammed, N.A., El-Rabaie, E.S.M.: Ultra-High bit rate all-optical AND/OR
logic gates based on photonic crystal with multi-wavelength simultaneous operation. J. Mod.
Opt. 66, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2019.1598587.
[30] Poursaleh, A., Andalib, A.: An all optical majority gate using nonlinear photonic crystal based
ring resonators. Opt. Appl. 49, 487–498 (2019). https://doi.org/10.5277/oa190310.
[31] Prabha, K.R., Robinson, S.: Ultra Compact, High Contrast Ratio Based all Optical OR Gate
Using Two Dimensional Photonic Crystals. Silicon. 13, 3521–3529 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00811-9.
[32] Mostafa, T.S., Kroush, S.A., Rabaie, E.-S.M.E.-: Photonic Crystal OR Gate with Minimum Size
and Ring Resonator Based Structure. 2–7 (2022) 6th IUGRC International Undergraduate
Research Conference,Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt, Sep. 5th – Sep. 8th, 2022.
[33] Mostafa, T.S., Kroush, S.A., Rabaie, E.-S.M.E.-: Simultaneous Operation of Photonic Crystal
OR- XOR-NOT Gates with Minimum Size and High Bit Rate Ring Resonator-Interference
Based Structure. 222–227 (2022)., 2022 10th International Japan-Africa Conference on
Electronics, Communications, and Computations (JAC-ECC).
| Style | # |
|---|---|
| MLA | Tamer S. Mostafa, Shaimaa A. Kroush, El- Sayed M. El- Rabaie. "Photonic Crystal Circuitry and its Impact on Wireless Networks." International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2023 ,PP. 63-75 (Doi : https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.060106) |
| APA | Tamer S. Mostafa, Shaimaa A. Kroush, El- Sayed M. El- Rabaie. (2023). Photonic Crystal Circuitry and its Impact on Wireless Networks. Journal of International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication, 6 ( 1 ), 63-75 (Doi : https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.060106) |
| Chicago | Tamer S. Mostafa, Shaimaa A. Kroush, El- Sayed M. El- Rabaie. "Photonic Crystal Circuitry and its Impact on Wireless Networks." Journal of International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication, 6 no. 1 (2023): 63-75 (Doi : https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.060106) |
| Harvard | Tamer S. Mostafa, Shaimaa A. Kroush, El- Sayed M. El- Rabaie. (2023). Photonic Crystal Circuitry and its Impact on Wireless Networks. Journal of International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication, 6 ( 1 ), 63-75 (Doi : https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.060106) |
| Vancouver | Tamer S. Mostafa, Shaimaa A. Kroush, El- Sayed M. El- Rabaie. Photonic Crystal Circuitry and its Impact on Wireless Networks. Journal of International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication, (2023); 6 ( 1 ): 63-75 (Doi : https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.060106) |
| IEEE | Tamer S. Mostafa, Shaimaa A. Kroush, El- Sayed M. El- Rabaie, Photonic Crystal Circuitry and its Impact on Wireless Networks, Journal of International Journal of Wireless and Ad Hoc Communication, Vol. 6 , No. 1 , (2023) : 63-75 (Doi : https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.060106) |