Turiyam Set Comparison with Aristotle and Belnap Four-Valued

Logic

Prem Kumar Singh1,*

1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Visakhapatnam, Andhra

Pradesh 530045, India

Received: November 02, 2025 Revised: December 28, 2025 Accepted: January 27, 2026 ⋆ Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

In recent times, investigating data with Turiyam attributes and its analysis has been considered one of the crucial

tasks. It provides a way to characterize fuzziness in attributes in four independent ways: the true region (t), false

region ( f ), indeterminate region (i), and liberal region (l). Numerous algorithms have been suggested for applications

of the Turiyam set as a graph, a Turiyam matrix and algebraic properties of a Turiyam matrix. It tries to use words

to calculate whenever there’s a human consciousness. One suitable example is the voting system in a democratic

country like India where people vote according to their conduit metaphor or they select NOTA. There are, however,

several older four valued methods, such as those of Nagarjuna (Catuskoti) and Aristotle’s logic and Belnap’s logic.

The author gives an example to compare the Turiyam logic with each of these approaches in this paper.

Keywords: Aristotle logic Anekantavada Consciousness Four-valued logic Unknown Turiyam set

1. INTRODUCTION

Dealing with dark datasets is a crucial task for researchers [1].

Dark datasets can contain interesting patterns and hidden

agendas related to accomplishing particular tasks [2]. Human

quantum Turiyam cognition [1], or its wisdom, is required

to explore these patterns [3]. Several methods have

been introduced to compute with these kinds of philia words

through Aristotle’s logic [4, 5], Belnap’s logic [6], Nagarjuna’s

Catuskoti logic [7, 8], and Syadvada [9, 10, 11].

Turiyam sets have also been used to explore cognitive maps

for humans and other animals [12]. This means that precision

and recall should be high for Turiyam cognition, whereas

false-negative cases cannot be identified in Aristotle’s logic

or a neutrosophic set. This paper focuses on the Turiyam

set and compares it with the available approaches through an

example.