Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things JISIoT 2690-6791 2769-786X 10.54216/JISIoT https://www.americaspg.com/journals/show/3692 2019 2019 Department of Computer, Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Egypt Gomaa Gomaa Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, 35111, Egypt; Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan; Jadara University Research Center, Jadara University, Jordan El-Sayed M. El El-kenawy Department of Computer, Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Egypt Shady Y. El El-Mashad Diabetes mellitus remains a global health concern, necessitating both accurate and effective diagnostic methodologies. This condition presents a significant challenge due to the high dimensionality of clinical datasets and the inherent complexity of diabetes classification. To address this problem, this study integrates feature selection and machine learning architectures to enhance diabetes prediction accuracy. A novel framework based on the Binary Greylag Goose Optimization (bGGO) algorithm is proposed to optimize feature selection, thereby improving classification performance. A comprehensive evaluation uses multiple classifiers, including Decision Trees, k-nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Random Forests, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). The experimental results demonstrate that bGGO significantly enhances feature selection quality, improving classification metrics, particularly for MLP, which achieves the highest classification accuracy of 95.98%. These findings underscore the efficacy of combining metaheuristic optimization with machine learning for diabetes diagnosis, offering a scalable and interpretable approach for real-world healthcare applications. The proposed methodology contributes to more precise risk estimation and the development of individualized intervention strategies, facilitating early diagnosis and effective disease management. 2025 2025 13 25 10.54216/JISIoT.160202 https://www.americaspg.com/articleinfo/18/show/3692