Volume 10 , Issue 2 , PP: 35-46, 2022 | Cite this article as | XML | Html | PDF | Full Length Article
Ahmed Sleem 1 *
Doi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JCIM.100204
The digital age has ushered in a new era of connectivity and opportunity. However, it has also made us more vulnerable to cyber threats. In recent years, we have seen a rise in the number and sophistication of cyberattacks. These attacks can have a devastating impact on businesses, governments, and individuals. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of cybersecurity threats and countermeasures. It begins by discussing the different types of cybersecurity threats, including malware, phishing, denial-of-service attacks, and data breaches. The paper then discusses the different types of cybersecurity countermeasures, including firewalls, antivirus software, and intrusion detection systems. The paper concludes by discussing strategies for mitigating risks in the digital age including 1) Investing in cybersecurity solutions, 2) Educating employees about cybersecurity best practices, and 3) Having a plan in place to respond to cyberattacks. By following these strategies, businesses, governments, and individuals can help to protect themselves from cyber threats.
Cybersecurity , threats , countermeasures , risks , mitigation
[1] Haque, M.A., Haque, S., Kumar, K. and Singh, N.K., 2021. A comprehensive study of cyber security attacks, classification, and countermeasures in the internet of things. In Handbook of Research on Digital Transformation and Challenges to Data Security and Privacy (pp. 63-90). IGI Global.
[2] Khoei, T.T., Slimane, H.O. and Kaabouch, N., 2022. A Comprehensive Survey on the Cyber-Security of Smart Grids: Cyber-Attacks, Detection, Countermeasure Techniques, and Future Directions. arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.07738.
[3] Zaman, S., Alhazmi, K., Aseeri, M.A., Ahmed, M.R., Khan, R.T., Kaiser, M.S. and Mahmud, M., 2021. Security threats and artificial intelligence based countermeasures for internet of things networks: a comprehensive survey. Ieee Access, 9, pp.94668-94690.
[4] Abdul-Ghani, H.A. and Konstantas, D., 2019. A comprehensive study of security and privacy guidelines, threats, and countermeasures: An IoT perspective. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 8(2), p.22.
[5] Abdel-Basset, M., Moustafa, N., Hawash, H., Ding, W., Abdel-Basset, M., Moustafa, N., Hawash, H. and Ding, W., 2022. Internet of Things Security Requirements, Threats, Attacks, and Countermeasures. Deep Learning Techniques for IoT Security and Privacy, pp.67-112.
[6] Gunduz, M.Z. and Das, R., 2020. Cyber-security on smart grid: Threats and potential solutions. Computer networks, 169, p.107094.
[7] Jamil, Abid, Kashif Asif, Rehan Ashraf, Sheraz Mehmood, and Ghulam Mustafa. "A Comprehensive study of Cyber Attacks & Counter Measures for web systems." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems, pp. 1-7. 2018.
[8] Nespoli, Pantaleone, Dimitrios Papamartzivanos, Félix Gómez Mármol, and Georgios Kambourakis. "Optimal countermeasures selection against cyber attacks: A comprehensive survey on reaction frameworks." IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 20, no. 2 (2017): 1361-1396.
[9] Abosata, N., Al-Rubaye, S., Inalhan, G. and Emmanouilidis, C., 2021. Internet of things for system integrity: A comprehensive survey on security, attacks and countermeasures for industrial applications. Sensors, 21(11), p.3654.
[10] Kavallieratos, Georgios, Sokratis Katsikas, and Vasileios Gkioulos. "Cybersecurity and safety co-engineering of cyberphysical systems—a comprehensive survey." Future Internet 12, no. 4 (2020): 65.
[11] Panchal, A.C., Khadse, V.M. and Mahalle, P.N., 2018, November. Security issues in IIoT: A comprehensive survey of attacks on IIoT and its countermeasures. In 2018 IEEE Global Conference on Wireless Computing and Networking (GCWCN) (pp. 124-130). IEEE.
[12] Abdel-Basset, M., Moustafa, N. and Hawash, H., 2022. Deep Learning Approaches for Security Threats in IoT Environments. John Wiley & Sons.
[13] Singh, Saurabh, Pradip Kumar Sharma, Seo Yeon Moon, Daesung Moon, and Jong Hyuk Park. "A comprehensive study on APT attacks and countermeasures for future networks and communications: challenges and solutions." The Journal of Supercomputing 75 (2019): 4543-4574.
[14] Bharati, S., Podder, P., Mondal, M., Robel, M. and Alam, R., 2020. Threats and countermeasures of cyber security in direct and remote vehicle communication systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.08723.
[15] Sengupta, J., Ruj, S. and Bit, S.D., 2020. A comprehensive survey on attacks, security issues and blockchain solutions for IoT and IIoT. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 149, p.102481.
[16] Ahmad, Waqas, Aamir Rasool, Abdul Rehman Javed, Thar Baker, and Zunera Jalil. "Cyber security in iot-based cloud computing: A comprehensive survey." Electronics 11, no. 1 (2022): 16.
[17] Hasanova, H., Baek, U.J., Shin, M.G., Cho, K. and Kim, M.S., 2019. A survey on blockchain cybersecurity vulnerabilities and possible countermeasures. International Journal of Network Management, 29(2), p.e2060.
[18] Longley, A., 2019. Understanding and managing cyber security threats and countermeasures in the process industries. Loss Prevention Bulletin, (268).
[19] Ramadan, R.A., Aboshosha, B.W., Alshudukhi, J.S., Alzahrani, A.J., El-Sayed, A. and Dessouky, M.M., 2021. Cybersecurity and Countermeasures at the Time of Pandemic. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2021, pp.1-19.
[20] Lezzi, M., Lazoi, M. and Corallo, A., 2018. Cybersecurity for Industry 4.0 in the current literature: A reference framework. Computers in Industry, 103, pp.97-110.
[21] Rugo, A., Ardagna, C.A. and Ioini, N.E., 2022. A security review in the UAVNet era: threats, countermeasures, and gap analysis. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 55(1), pp.1-35.
[22] Syed, N.F., Shah, S.W., Trujillo-Rasua, R. and Doss, R., 2022. Traceability in supply chains: A Cyber security analysis. Computers & Security, 112, p.102536.
[23] Rea-Guaman, A.M., Mejía, J., San Feliu, T. and Calvo-Manzano, J.A., 2020. AVARCIBER: A framework for assessing cybersecurity risks. Cluster Computing, 23, pp.1827-1843.
[24] Abdel-Basset, M., Moustafa, N., Hawash, H., Ding, W., Abdel-Basset, M., Moustafa, N., Hawash, H. and Ding, W., 2022. Introduction Conceptualization of Security, Forensics, and Privacy of Internet of Things: An Artificial Intelligence Perspective. Deep Learning Techniques for IoT Security and Privacy, pp.1-35.
[25] Tsiknas, K., Taketzis, D., Demertzis, K. and Skianis, C., 2021. Cyber threats to industrial IoT: a survey on attacks and countermeasures. IoT, 2(1), pp.163-186.
[26] Yaacoub, J.P.A., Noura, H.N., Salman, O. and Chehab, A., 2022. Robotics cyber security: Vulnerabilities, attacks, countermeasures, and recommendations. International Journal of Information Security, pp.1-44.
[27] Mantha, B., de Soto, B.G. and Karri, R., 2021. Cyber security threat modeling in the AEC industry: An example for the commissioning of the built environment. Sustainable Cities and Society, 66, p.102682.
[28] Abdel-Basset, M., Moustafa, N., Hawash, H. and Ding, W., 2022. Deep Learning Techniques for IoT Security and Privacy (Vol. 997). Berlin: Springer.
[29] Najmi, K.Y., AlZain, M.A., Masud, M., Jhanjhi, N.Z., Al-Amri, J. and Baz, M., 2021. A survey on security threats and countermeasures in IoT to achieve users confidentiality and reliability. Materials Today: Proceedings.
[30] Husnoo, M.A., Anwar, A., Hosseinzadeh, N., Islam, S.N., Mahmood, A.N. and Doss, R., 2022. False data injection threats in active distribution systems: A comprehensive survey. Future Generation Computer Systems.
[31] Ajmi, L., Alqahtani, N., Rahman, A.U. and Mahmud, M., 2019, May. A novel cybersecurity framework for countermeasure of sme's in saudi arabia. In 2019 2nd International Conference on Computer Applications & Information Security (ICCAIS) (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
