Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things

Journal DOI

https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT

Submit Your Paper

2690-6791ISSN (Online) 2769-786XISSN (Print)

Volume 10 , Issue 1 , PP: 66-75, 2023 | Cite this article as | XML | Html | PDF | Full Length Article

Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Metaheuristic Optimization for Disease Detection in Plant Leaves

S. K. Towfek 1 * , Nima Khodadadi 2

  • 1 Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research Center, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia, USA - (sktowfek@jcsis.org)
  • 2 Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA - (nima.khodadadi@miami.edu)
  • Doi: https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.100105

    Received: March 26, 2023 Revised: June 18, 2023 Accepted: September 11, 2023
    Abstract

    In this research, we employed a deep convolutional neural network, often known as a Deep CNN, to propose a novel approach to the detection of illnesses in the leaves of plants. In order to train the Deep CNN model, a dataset that is already accessible is employed. This dataset contains photographs of the leaves of 39 distinct plant species. Six different methods of data augmentation were utilized, including image inversion, gamma correction, noise injection, principal component analysis (PCA), color enhancement, rotation, and scaling. We came to the conclusion that adding more data to a model can improve its accuracy. The proposed model was trained using many epochs, batch sizes, and dropout percentages over the course of its development. When utilizing validation data, the suggested model performs better than methods of transfer learning that are commonly utilized. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of an astounding 83.12% accuracy in data classification. The proposed research is more accurate than the many machine learning technologies that are currently in use. In addition to that, we put the suggested model through our consistency and reliability testing.

    Keywords :

    Artificial intelligence , Deep learning , Machine learning , Transfer learning

    References

    [1]    Khirade SD, Patil AB, Plant disease detection using image processing. In 2015 International Conference on Computing Communication Control and Automation, 768–71, 2015.

    [2]    Bharate AA, Shirdhonkar MS, A review on plant disease detection using image processing. In 2017 International Conference Intelligence Sustain. System, 103–9, 2017.

    [3]    El Houby EMF, A survey on applying machine learning techniques for management of diseases. J Appl Biomed, 16(3), 165–174, 2018.

    [4]    Yang CC, Prasher SO, Enright P, Madramootoo C, Burgess M, Goel PK, et al, Application of decision tree technology for image classification using remote sensing data. Agric Syst, 76(3), 1101–17, 2003.

    [5]    Ebrahimi MA, Khoshtaghaza MH, Minaei S, Jamshidi B, Vision-based pest detection based on SVM classification method. Comput Electron Agric, 8, 137:152, 2017.

    [6]     Wason R. Deep learning: evolution and expansion. Cogn Syst Res, 8, 52-702, 2018.

    [7]    Shaha M, Pawar M. Transfer learning for image classification. In 2018 Second International Conference of Electronics. Communication and Aerospace Technology, 656-60, 2018.

    [8]    Zhang Y-D, Dong Z, Chen X, Jia W, Du S, Muhammad K, et al. Image based fruit category classification by 13-layer deep convolutional neural network and data augmentation. Multimed Tools Appl, 78(3), 3613–32, 2019.

    [9]    Evgin Goceri AG. On The Importance of Batch Size for Deep Learning, In: Yildirim Kenan, editor. International Conference on Mathematics: An Istanbul Meeting for World Mathematicians Minisymposium on Approximation Theory. Minisymposium on Mathematics Education, 2018.

    [10]  Wang S-H, Tang C, Sun J, Yang J, Huang C, Phillips P, et al, Multiple sclerosis identification by 14-layer convolutional neural network with batch normalization, dropout, and stochastic pooling. Front Neurosci, 8,12-18, 2018.

    [11]  Babu BSR MSP. Leaves recognition using back propagation neural network-advice for pest and disease control on crops. IndiaKisan 2007:13. http: //www.indiakisan.net/web/leafrecgnition.pdf (accessed October 12, 2019).

    [12]  Sankaran S, Mishra A, Ehsani R, Davis C. A review of advanced techniques for detecting plant diseases. Comput Electron Agric, 72(1), 1–13, 2010.

    [13]  Garcia-Ruiz F, Sankaran S, Maja JM, Lee WS, Rasmussen J, Ehsani R, Comparison of two aerial imaging platforms for identification of Huanglongbinginfected citrus trees. Comput Electron Agric, 15, 91-106, 2013.

    [14]  Wetterich CB, de Oliveira Neves RF, Belasque J, Ehsani R, Marcassa LG, Detection of Huanglongbing in Florida using fluorescence imaging spectroscopy and machine-learning methods. Appl Opt, 56(1), 15-23, 2017.

    [15]  Rumpf T, Mahlein A-K, Steiner U, Oerke E-C, Dehne H-W, Plümer L. Early detection and classification of plant diseases with Support Vector Machines based on hyperspectral reflectance. Comput Electron Agric, 71(1), 91-9, 2010.

    [16]  Calderón R, Navas-Cortés JA, Zarco-Tejada PJ, Early detection and quantification of verticillium wilt in olive using hyperspectral and thermal imagery over large areas. Remote Sens, 7(5):5584–610, 2015.

    [17]  Guo Y, Han S, Li Y, Zhang C, Bai Y, K-Nearest neighbor combined with guided filter for hyperspectral image classification. Procedia Comput Sci, 65, 129:159, 2018.

    [18]  Mokhtar U, Ali MAS, Hassanien AE, Hefny H, Identifying two of tomatoes leaf viruses using support vector machine. In: Mandal JK, Satapathy SC, Kumar Sanyal M, Sarkar PP, Mukhopadhyay A, editors. Information Systems Design and Intelligent Applications. New Delhi: Springer India; 771-82, 2015.

    [19]  Martínez-García PM, López-Solanilla E, Ramos C, Rodríguez-Palenzuela P,  Prediction of bacterial associations with plants using a supervised machinelearning approach. Environ Microbiol, 18(12), 4847–61, 2016.

    [20]  Pantazi XE, Moshou D, Tamouridou AA, Kasderidis S,  Leaf disease recognition in vine plants based on local binary patterns and one class support vector machines. In Iliadis L, Maglogiannis I, editors. Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 319–27, 2016.

    [21]  Johannes A, Picon A, Alvarez-Gila A, Echazarra J, Rodriguez-Vaamonde S, Navajas AD, et al, Automatic plant disease diagnosis using mobile capture devices, applied on a wheat use case. Comput Electron Agric, 138:200–9, 2017.

    [22]  Goceri E, Goceri N,  Deep learning in medical image analysis: recent advances and future trends. In: Xiao Y, Abraham AP, editors. International Conference Computer Graphics and Visualization Computer Vision and Image Processing 2017 (CGVCVIP 2017), 305–10, 2017.

    [23]  Sladojevic S, Arsenovic M, Anderla A, Dubravko Culibrk DS, Deep neural networks based recognition of plant diseases by leaf image classification. Comput Intell Neurosci, 1–12, 2016.

    [24]  Ferentinos KP. Deep learning models for plant disease detection and diagnosis. Comput Electron Agric, 145, 311-18, 2018.

    [25]  Lee SH, Chan CS, Wilkin P, Remagnino P, Deep-plant: plant identification with convolutional neural networks. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 452–6, 2015.

    [26]  Grinblat GL, Uzal LC, Larese MG, Granitto PM, Deep learning for plant identification using vein morphological patterns. Comput Electron Agric, 127, 418–24, 2016.

    [27]  Fuentes A, Yoon S, Kim SC, Park DS, A robust deep-learning-based detector for real-time tomato plant diseases and pests recognition. Sensors, 17(9), 2022.

    [28]  Kamilaris A, Prenafeta-Boldú FX,  Deep learning in agriculture: a survey. Comput Electron Agric, 147, 70–90, 2018.

    [29]  Zhong L, Hu L, Zhou H, Deep learning based multi-temporal crop classification. Remote Sens Environ, 221, 430–43, 2019.

    [30]   Evgin Goceri AG, Formulas behind deep learning success. In: International Conference on Applied Analysis and Mathematical Modeling, 156, 2018.

    Cite This Article As :
    K., S.. , Khodadadi, Nima. Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Metaheuristic Optimization for Disease Detection in Plant Leaves. Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things, vol. , no. , 2023, pp. 66-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.100105
    K., S. Khodadadi, N. (2023). Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Metaheuristic Optimization for Disease Detection in Plant Leaves. Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things, (), 66-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.100105
    K., S.. Khodadadi, Nima. Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Metaheuristic Optimization for Disease Detection in Plant Leaves. Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things , no. (2023): 66-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.100105
    K., S. , Khodadadi, N. (2023) . Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Metaheuristic Optimization for Disease Detection in Plant Leaves. Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things , () , 66-75 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.100105
    K. S. , Khodadadi N. [2023]. Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Metaheuristic Optimization for Disease Detection in Plant Leaves. Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things. (): 66-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.100105
    K., S. Khodadadi, N. "Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Metaheuristic Optimization for Disease Detection in Plant Leaves," Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things, vol. , no. , pp. 66-75, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.100105