Prospects for Applied Mathematics and Data Analysis
  PAMDA
  2836-4449
  
   10.54216/PAMDA
   https://www.americaspg.com/journals/show/3987
  
 
 
  
   2022
  
  
   2022
  
 
 
  
   On the Properties and Illustrative Examples of Soft SuperHypergraphs and Rough SuperHypergraphs
  
  
   Independent Researcher, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
   
    Takaaki
    Takaaki
   
   Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
   
    Atiqe Ur
    Rahman
   
   Department of Information Technology, Management Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, 61004, Iraq
   
    Arkan A.
    Ghaib
   
   Department of Mathematics, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
   
    Talal Ali Al
    Al-Hawary
   
   Department of Mathematics, Institute of Numerical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
   
    Arif Mehmood
    Khattak
   
  
  
   
In graph theory, a hypergraph generalizes a classical graph by allowing each hyperedge to join any number of vertices, thereby modeling relationships beyond simple pairwise connections.[1] A superhypergraph takes this further by applying recursive powerset constructions to its hyperedge set, creating hierarchical and self-referential network layers.[2] A soft graph defines a family of subgraphs parameterized over a fixed universe of vertices and edges, while a rough graph uses lower and upper approximations to capture uncertainty in graph structure. In this paper, we revisit Soft SuperHypergraphs and Rough SuperHypergraphs—originally introduced in [3]—which integrate the flexibility of soft and rough graph frameworks with the layered com- plexity of superhypergraphs. We provide precise definitions, illustrative examples, and a detailed analysis of their fundamental properties, demonstrating their potential for modeling hierarchical and uncertain network systems.
  
  
   2025
  
  
   2025
  
  
   12
   31
  
  
   10.54216/PAMDA.050102
   https://www.americaspg.com/articleinfo/34/show/3987