Prospects for Applied Mathematics and Data Analysis
PAMDA
2836-4449
10.54216/PAMDA
https://www.americaspg.com/journals/show/3987
2022
2022
On the Properties and Illustrative Examples of Soft SuperHypergraphs and Rough SuperHypergraphs
Independent Researcher, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Takaaki
Takaaki
Department of Mathematics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
Atiqe Ur
Rahman
Department of Information Technology, Management Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, 61004, Iraq
Arkan A.
Ghaib
Department of Mathematics, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
Talal Ali Al
Al-Hawary
Department of Mathematics, Institute of Numerical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
Arif Mehmood
Khattak
In graph theory, a hypergraph generalizes a classical graph by allowing each hyperedge to join any number of vertices, thereby modeling relationships beyond simple pairwise connections.[1] A superhypergraph takes this further by applying recursive powerset constructions to its hyperedge set, creating hierarchical and self-referential network layers.[2] A soft graph defines a family of subgraphs parameterized over a fixed universe of vertices and edges, while a rough graph uses lower and upper approximations to capture uncertainty in graph structure. In this paper, we revisit Soft SuperHypergraphs and Rough SuperHypergraphs—originally introduced in [3]—which integrate the flexibility of soft and rough graph frameworks with the layered com- plexity of superhypergraphs. We provide precise definitions, illustrative examples, and a detailed analysis of their fundamental properties, demonstrating their potential for modeling hierarchical and uncertain network systems.
2025
2025
12
31
10.54216/PAMDA.050102
https://www.americaspg.com/articleinfo/34/show/3987