Metaheuristic Optimization Review MOR 3066-280X 10.54216/MOR https://www.americaspg.com/journals/show/3493 2024 2024 Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research Center, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia, USA Mahmoud Mahmoud Generating electricity from renewable and sustainable resources is one of the world's most urgent requirements because of the growing energy consumption and adverse effects of fossil fuels. Waste disposal provides a noble chance of. Currently, waste can produce energy to help conserve the environment and resources. That is why there is a need to introduce innovative WTE technologies, such as thermal, biological, and physicochemical processes, since global waste production is expected to rise by 70 percent by 2050. Such systems allow the energy to be reclaimed and reduce landfill and greenhouse gas incidents. Evolutionary approaches are most helpful in optimizing the system; they include genetic algorithms, particle swarms, and optimization neural networks. Integrating waste management, RE, and computational tools introduces potential approaches toward energy and waste. This work comprehensively reviewed integrated solutions for technical, operational, and social issues related to WTE implementation and provided innovative and economically reasonable ideas for future advancement. 2025 2025 47 58 10.54216/MOR.030205 https://www.americaspg.com/articleinfo/41/show/3493