Investigating the Readiness of Pre-Service Teachers Towards

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Integration in

Teaching at Federal Universities in North-Eastern Nigeria

Salisu Harisu Usman1,* Muhammed Ubaida Bello2 Ibrahim Hafsat Abubakar2

1 Department of Science Education, School of Vocational and Technical Education, Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria

2 Department of Science Education, Directorate of Degree Program, Tatari Ali Polytechnic, Bauchi, Nigeria

Received: November 22, 2025 Revised: December 27, 2025 Accepted: January 27, 2026 ⋆ Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the readiness of pre-service teachers towards ICT integration in teaching at federal universities

in the North-Eastern Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the study

consist of 7885 pre-service teachers of Federal Universities in the North-Eastern Nigeria. The sample size is 381

pre-service teachers selected across the Federal Universities in North-Eastern Nigeria using a random sampling

technique. Three research questions and three hypotheses were generated and answered in the study. The instrument

for data collection in this study was ICT Attitude, Access and Competency (ICT-AAC). The instrument was validated

by four (4) experts who checked the suitability and clarity of these items. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient

was computed for the instrument (ICT-AAC) which yielded an internal consistency reliability index of 0.82, 0.88

and 0.73 for cluster A, B, and C respectively, with an overall reliability index of 0.89. The research questions were

answered using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation coefficient using SPSS version 25. Findings of the

study showed that most of the pre-service teachers have positive attitude towards ICT integration in teaching. It

was also found that pre-service teachers have no Access to most of the ICT facilities. It was further confirmed that

the pre-service teachers were Competent in manipulating ICT facilities. The study further indicated a significant

relationship between pre-service teachers’ Attitude, Accessibility and ICT Competency. Finally, a number of

challenges that might hinder the integration of ICT facilities in teaching were found and recommendations proffered,

which include; improvement of pre-service teachers’ Access to ICT facilities such as projector, smart/interactive

white boards and the software required for the effective use of the boards. This should be aimed at increasing their

Competency of the newly acquired or available facilities and how to integrate them in teaching.

Keywords: Pre-service Teachers Readiness Accessibility Competency Attitude ICT

1. INTRODUCTION

Over the last two decades, the rapid growth of Information

and Communication Technology (ICT) has become one of

the important issues in education. In this regard, ICT is

considered as one of the pillars upon which quality education

lies [1]. Integration of ICT in education has revolutionized

the methods of teaching and learning as teaching and learning

in the ICT driven environment is no longer restricted to the

classroom, as students and teachers are now communicating

and interacting in the digital lesson outside the classroom

[2]. Moreover, the use of ICT in education brings about a