An Automated Framework for Integrating Crime Prevention

through Environmental Design into BIM-Based Security

Validation

Juli Yani1,* Maisaroh Ritonga1 Citra Dewi2

1 Universitas Al Washliyah Labuhanbatu, Indonesia

2 Universitas Lampung, Indonesia

Received: January 09, 2025 Revised: February 28, 2026 Accepted: March 29, 2026 ⋆ Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

Security validation in architectural design is commonly conducted through manual interpretation of drawings, expert

walkthroughs, and late-stage design reviews. Such practice is valuable but difficult to reproduce, especially when

crime-prevention criteria depend on visibility, access definition, territorial cues, and lighting quality. This paper

presents an automated BIM-based framework for evaluating Crime Prevention through Environmental Design

(CPTED) principles using semantic modelling, geometric reasoning, and rule-based inference. The proposed method

transforms security-relevant BIM entities into a machine-readable CPTED knowledge layer, evaluates each space

through formal rules, and produces interpretable scores that can guide design revision. The framework considers

natural surveillance, access control, territoriality, and lighting as computationally linked design dimensions rather

than independent checklist items. Results show that automated rule checking can reproduce expert assessment

patterns while providing faster and more consistent space-level diagnosis. The paper contributes a transparent

computational model for early-stage security validation and demonstrates how BIM can support evidence-based

CPTED assessment before construction decisions become costly to revise.

Keywords: Building information modeling CPTED Security validation Rule-based reasoning Knowledge graphs

Spatial analysis