A Systematic Literature Review on the Integration of Computer

Vision and IoT Technologies for Enhancing Voter Verification

Accuracy in Electoral Systems

Angela Choi1,* Eugene Q. Castro1

1 Department of Computer Science, Central Asian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Received: October 02, 2025 Revised: November 10, 2025 Accepted: December 21, 2025 ⋆ Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

The rapid evolution of digital technologies has transformed how societies manage sensitive information and authenticate

identity in critical systems. Within the domain of cybersecurity and artificial intelligence (AI), the integration

of computer vision and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has emerged as a promising approach to improving

real-time data verification and process automation. This systematic literature review examines how computer vision

and IoT technologies can be jointly leveraged to enhance voter verification accuracy in electoral systems. Following

the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the review systematically searched four academic databases, identifying 351 initial

studies. After rigorous screening based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 studies were selected for

comprehensive analysis. The findings reveal three major themes: (1) emerging technical architectures combining

biometric authentication with blockchain-based verification, (2) performance outcomes demonstrating high accuracy

rates (97–100%) in controlled environments, and (3) persistent challenges in scalability, real-world deployment, and

security against sophisticated AI-enabled attacks such as deepfakes. While the PRISMA process was conducted

in full, the limited scope of the project, compressed timeline, and restricted access to paywalled articles likely

influenced the depth and completeness of the synthesis. Nevertheless, the review provides structured insight into

current implementation approaches, technical methods, and research gaps, with particular relevance to contexts like

Uzbekistan where recent OSCE ODIHR election observation reports have documented systemic weaknesses in voter

verification and turnout reporting.

Keywords: Computer vision Internet of Things Voter verification Electoral systems Biometric authentication

Systematic literature review

1. INTRODUCTION

The integrity of elections is a cornerstone of democratic governance.

Many countries continue to face challenges related

to voter impersonation, multiple voting attempts, and limited

transparency in verification processes [15]. Traditional manual

and semi-digital verification methods are often prone to

human error and inefficiencies, particularly in large-scale or

resource-constrained contexts. Recent election observation

missions have documented significant procedural violations:

in Uzbekistan’s October 2024 parliamentary elections, observers

identified serious concerns in 12% of polling stations,

with 21% failing to properly verify voters against electronic

registers and 24% showing identical signatures on voter lists

[15].

These documented failures highlight the urgent need for ro-