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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-40-4291-1792533464</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261020215744</timestamp>
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  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>Pure Mathematics for Theoretical Computer Science</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>PMTCS</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2995-3162</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2026</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>6</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>An Introduction to Probability, Hyper-Probability, and Super-Hyper-Probability</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Takaaki</given_name>
      <surname>Fujita</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Independent Researcher, Tokyo, Japan</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Ajoy Kanti</given_name>
      <surname>Das</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Tripura University, Agartala-799022, Tripura, India</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>Standard probability theory assigns each event a single real value in [0, 1], satisfying non-negativity, normalization, and countable additivity. Hyper-Probability extends this notion by assigning to each event a set of probability values in [0, 1], thereby capturing multiple independent assessments from diverse sources. Super-HyperProbability further generalizes the framework by mapping events to iterated power sets of [0, 1], modeling hierarchical uncertainty across multiple aggregation levels. In this paper, we formally define the Hyper-Probability Measure and Hyper-Probability Distribution, examine their fundamental properties, and demonstrate how these constructs unify and extend classical probability within the Hyper- and Super-HyperProbability paradigms.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2026</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>01</first_page>
     <last_page>12</last_page>
    </pages>
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     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">4291</item_number>
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     <doi>10.54216/PMTCS.060101</doi>
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