aspg-3-4238-1791943240 20261014020040 American Scientific Publishing Group admin@americaspg.com American Scientific Publishing Group Fusion: Practice and Applications FPA 2770-0070 2692-4048 2025 20 2 Vivek Raj Panama Corporation LLC, USA Gregory Allen Panama Corporation LLC, USA Ananth Prabhu G. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Mangaluru, India Melwin D. 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Accent 6"/> Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:TR;} The detection of diseases in hydroponically cultivated saffron should be carried out as early and accurately as possible to maintain the quality of the yield, minimize losses, and promote sustainable farming practices. Manual diagnosis strategies are not suitable for high-density hydroponic systems where early symptoms tend to be subtle, as these methods are slow and rely extensively on experts. This research aims to develop a novel framework based on deep learning technology, using a Diffused Concurrent Convolutional Neural Network (DCCNN) to perform image analysis and detect diseases in saffron crops. The modified DCCNN includes a hierarchical three-stage classification pipeline consisting of crop recognition, disease detection, and Classification of the specific diseases, adding an “unknown” category for non-target or ambiguous outputs at each stage to enhance flexibility. The digression from standard deep learning techniques is justified due to the DCCNN construction, which contains a learnable diffusion layer and concurrent multi-scale convolutional blocks, and thus encapsulates strong feature propagation with fine-grained detection of complex and low-data environments. Evaluation on a specially annotated dataset of hydroponic saffron showed strong performance with up to 99.4% classification accuracy, exceeding well-known CNN baselines including EfficientNet and ResNet50. Additionally, the model processes static crop images and associated environmental sensor data, collectively referred to as 'non-sequential crop data,' focusing on spatial features without temporal dependencies. These findings confirm that the system, which is based on DCCNN, provides a transferable solution for precision disease detection in controlled-environment agriculture systems and can be extended to other high-value crops. 2025 229 248 4238 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 10.54216/FPA.200216 https://americaspg.com/journal/3/article/4238 https://americaspg.com/storage/01767922347.pdf