aspg-18-4158-1792025570 20261015005250 American Scientific Publishing Group admin@americaspg.com American Scientific Publishing Group Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things JISIoT 2769-786X 2690-6791 2025 17 1 Mohammed KH. Al-Satooree Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr-City, Cairo, Egypt H. A. El Shenbary Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr-City, Cairo, Egypt Ashraf A. Gouda Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr-City, Cairo, Egypt Mohammed Abdel Razek Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr-City, Cairo, Egypt 16.00 Normal false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="371"> UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> Name="index 1"/> Name="index 2"/> Name="index 3"/> Name="index 4"/> Name="index 5"/> Name="index 6"/> Name="index 7"/> Name="index 8"/> Name="index 9"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/> Name="Normal Indent"/> Name="footnote text"/> Name="annotation text"/> Name="header"/> Name="footer"/> Name="index heading"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> Name="table of figures"/> Name="envelope address"/> Name="envelope return"/> Name="footnote reference"/> Name="annotation reference"/> Name="line number"/> Name="page number"/> Name="endnote reference"/> Name="endnote text"/> Name="table of authorities"/> Name="macro"/> Name="toa heading"/> Name="List"/> Name="List Bullet"/> Name="List Number"/> Name="List 2"/> Name="List 3"/> Name="List 4"/> Name="List 5"/> Name="List Bullet 2"/> Name="List Bullet 3"/> Name="List Bullet 4"/> Name="List Bullet 5"/> Name="List Number 2"/> Name="List Number 3"/> Name="List Number 4"/> Name="List Number 5"/> Name="Closing"/> Name="Signature"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> Name="Body Text"/> Name="Body Text Indent"/> Name="List Continue"/> Name="List Continue 2"/> Name="List Continue 3"/> Name="List Continue 4"/> Name="List Continue 5"/> Name="Message Header"/> Name="Salutation"/> Name="Date"/> Name="Body Text First Indent"/> Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/> Name="Note Heading"/> Name="Body Text 2"/> Name="Body Text 3"/> Name="Body Text Indent 2"/> Name="Body Text Indent 3"/> Name="Block Text"/> Name="Hyperlink"/> Name="FollowedHyperlink"/> Name="Document Map"/> Name="Plain Text"/> Name="E-mail Signature"/> Name="HTML Top of Form"/> Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/> Name="Normal (Web)"/> Name="HTML Acronym"/> Name="HTML Address"/> Name="HTML Cite"/> Name="HTML Code"/> Name="HTML Definition"/> Name="HTML Keyboard"/> Name="HTML Preformatted"/> Name="HTML Sample"/> Name="HTML Typewriter"/> Name="HTML Variable"/> Name="Normal Table"/> Name="annotation subject"/> Name="No List"/> Name="Outline List 1"/> Name="Outline List 2"/> Name="Outline List 3"/> Name="Table Simple 1"/> Name="Table Simple 2"/> Name="Table Simple 3"/> Name="Table Classic 1"/> Name="Table Classic 2"/> Name="Table Classic 3"/> Name="Table Classic 4"/> Name="Table Colorful 1"/> Name="Table Colorful 2"/> Name="Table Colorful 3"/> Name="Table Columns 1"/> Name="Table Columns 2"/> Name="Table Columns 3"/> Name="Table Columns 4"/> Name="Table Columns 5"/> Name="Table Grid 1"/> Name="Table Grid 2"/> Name="Table Grid 3"/> Name="Table Grid 4"/> Name="Table Grid 5"/> Name="Table Grid 6"/> Name="Table Grid 7"/> Name="Table Grid 8"/> Name="Table List 1"/> Name="Table List 2"/> Name="Table List 3"/> Name="Table List 4"/> Name="Table List 5"/> Name="Table List 6"/> Name="Table List 7"/> Name="Table List 8"/> Name="Table 3D effects 1"/> Name="Table 3D effects 2"/> Name="Table 3D effects 3"/> Name="Table Contemporary"/> Name="Table Elegant"/> Name="Table Professional"/> Name="Table Subtle 1"/> Name="Table Subtle 2"/> Name="Table Web 1"/> Name="Table Web 2"/> Name="Table Web 3"/> Name="Balloon Text"/> Name="Table Theme"/> Name="List Paragraph"/> Name="Intense Quote"/> Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> Name="Intense Emphasis"/> Name="Subtle Reference"/> Name="Intense Reference"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/> UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/> Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/> Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/> Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/> Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ansi-language:EN;} This research presents a comprehensive analysis of path planning and optimization techniques in mobile robotics, focusing on both classical algorithms and modern intelligent approaches. The study systematically reviews fundamental methods such as Dijkstra’s algorithm, the A* search algorithm, and artificial potential fields, together with evolutionary optimization approaches including genetic algorithms and swarm intelligence. It also explores the application of machine learning and deep reinforcement learning models that allow robots to adapt dynamically to complex and changing environments. The comparative evaluation highlights the strengths, weaknesses, and suitable application areas of each approach across scenarios involving obstacle avoidance, energy efficiency, real time adaptability, and multi robot coordination. Particular attention is given to the challenges of uncertain and dynamic environments, computational scalability, and sensor noise, which continue to limit the performance of autonomous navigation systems. By consolidating current advancements and emerging trends, this study provides a structured overview and critical synthesis of existing methodologies, offering a valuable reference for researchers, engineers, and practitioners. It also identifies important research gaps in intelligent hybrid planning, context aware learning and energy constrained mobility, outlining promising directions for the future development of autonomous robotic navigation systems. 2025 360 373 4158 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 10.54216/JISIoT.170125 https://americaspg.com/journal/18/article/4158 https://americaspg.com/storage/21762432424.pdf