An Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Developed Election Protocol for Extendable Lifetime

 

 

 

Aya A. Ramadan1,*, Marwa M. Eid2,3, El-Sayed S. A. Said4, Shereen H. Ali4, Mohamed Yasin I. Afifi4

 

1Department of Communications and Electronics Engineering, Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt

 

2Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 35712, Egypt

 

3Jadara University Research Center, Jadara University, Jordan

 

4Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Egypt

 

Emails: ayaa451999@gmail.com; mmm@ieee.org; elsoliman@azhar.edu.eg; sherein_h@dhiet.edu.eg; mohamedyasin869@azhar.edu.eg

 

Text Box: Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are made up of thousands of sensor nodes that are distributed in an area where their energy is limited. To overcome the issue of energy consumption. This paper study different deployment configuration as well as evaluating the two different clustering-based routing protocols. This work describes a hybrid distance, energy, and zonal SEP (HDEZ-SEP), which combines the strengths of the Distance and Energy-Aware Stable Election Routing Protocol (DE-SEP) and Zone-Based Stable Election Protocol (Z-SEP) to improve WSN energy efficiency and longevity. The suggested HDEZ-SEP was executed and compared to other protocols, including DE-SEP and Z-SEP. Using the MATLAB R2022b simulator; we assess the suggested protocol and contrast it with the others. According to the simulation results, the overall performance is improved. This study shows how hybrid techniques can effectively optimize data transmission and energy use in WSNs.

 

Received: January 01, 2025 Revised: March 01, 2025 Accepted: May 24, 2025

 

Keywords: Base Station; Wireless Sensor Networks; Routing protocols; LEACH; SEP; Cluster head