aspg-41-3853-1792222808 20261017074008 American Scientific Publishing Group admin@americaspg.com American Scientific Publishing Group Metaheuristic Optimization Review MOR 3066-280X 2025 4 2 Sekar Kidambi Raju School of Computing, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India Energy consumption worldwide is increasing due to increased populations, industrialization, and technological development, underlining the importance of efficient energy use. Waste-to-energy technologies are also known as waste-to-energy systems, whereby the production of Energy and Waste Management are considered interrelated. This review summarizes the present trends and state–of–the–art waste management technologies, where renewable energy systems have been integrated into waste management infrastructure and how optimization algorithms help to improve waste management systems. Anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and gasification processes raise wastes and convert them into energy products like biogas and syngas, which follow material flow and recovery. Another important area covered in the study is implementing machine learning-optimized methods, genetic algorithms, and artificial neural networks for waste processing and energy recovery. These threats become as follows: high capital costs, feedstock fluctuations, and public perception are tackled alongside solutions like policy support or engagement of the communities involved. This review focuses on the importance of multi-disciplinary systems to achieve future sustainable Waste-to-Energy systems for both the global environment and energy objectives. 2025 05 12 3853 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 10.54216/MOR.040202 https://americaspg.com/journal/41/article/3853 https://americaspg.com/storage/articles/manuscripts/01KX4DAYZMNQYDQQ2AP8TKRR11.pdf