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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-2-3783-1791951496</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261014041816</timestamp>
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  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>Journal of Cybersecurity and Information Management</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>JCIM</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="print">2769-7851</issn>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2690-6775</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>16</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>Enhanced Image Encryption through Combined Arnold and Three Other Chaos Techniques</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Sameeh Abdulghafour</given_name>
      <surname>Jassim</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Vocational Education in Anbar, Ministry of Education, Anbar, Iraq; Department of Computer Sciences, College of Science, University of Al Maarif, Al Anbar, 31001, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Alaa Abulqahar</given_name>
      <surname>Jihad</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Computer Center, University of Anbar, Al Anbar,31001, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Mohammed I.</given_name>
      <surname>Khalaf</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Computer Sciences, College of Science, University of Al Maarif, Al Anbar, 31001, Iraq</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>In an era where digital technologies dominate all aspects of life, image encryption has emerged as a fundamental pillar of data protection and securing sensitive information. With the rise of sophisticated cyber threats and attacks, the search for innovative and stronger encryption methods has become an urgent necessity. This research proposes an enhanced image encryption scheme combining the Arnold map, 2D Henon map, memristor elements, and exponential nonlinearity chaos techniques to address vulnerabilities in conventional encryption methods. The hybrid approach ensures robustness against statistical, differential, and brute-force attacks. Experimental results demonstrate superior performance with unified histogram distribution, including near-ideal information entropy (7.99941), infinite peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and high resistance to differential attacks (NPCR = 99.61%, UACI = 35.08%). A keyspace of</jats:p>
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     <jats:p>mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'&gt;2460 and key sensitivity correlation difference rate (CDR) of 99.61% further validate security. Comparative analysis with recent studies confirms the proposed method’s superiority in encryption strength and computational performance. Consequently, the results of the proposed method making it a promising option for high-security image protection applications.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2025</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>77</first_page>
     <last_page>95</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">3783</item_number>
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     <ai:license_ref applies_to="vor">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ai:license_ref>
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     <doi>10.54216/JCIM.160206</doi>
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