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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-41-3366-1792222687</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261017073807</timestamp>
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  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>Metaheuristic Optimization Review</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>MOR</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="electronic">3066-280X</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2024</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>1</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>1</issue>
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   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>Innovations in Machine Learning Models for Hepatitis Diagnosis and Disease Progression Prediction</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Marwa M.</given_name>
      <surname>Eid</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Wei Hong</given_name>
      <surname>Lim</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a group of conditions for which up to half of the global population remains at risk and causes serious complications: liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis and proper treatment of these diseases enhance the prognosis of patients suffering from CLD. This review paper explores how machine learning (ML) techniques are used in practice to diagnose, prognosis, and treat chronic liver diseases. Continuing with more specific examples of collected data from the results of several studies, their more comprehensive implementation is expected to improve the respective management processes and the detection of liver disease in patients more accurately. The review further discusses the various ML methods, including supervised and unsupervised learning, neural network, and ensemble learning, also applied to the estimation of risk felt by the patients, suggesting a course of treatment or how far the disease has progressed. While the inclusion of ML technology in the field of Hepatology is progressing well, some issues like model diversity, applicability of models, and concerns about ethics still pose challenges. This paper points out the importance of working in teams from various fields to develop appropriate mechanisms for dealing with these issues and adequately use ML for clinics. In conclusion, the results indicate that there is a possibility that ML will change the management of chronic liver diseases, which in turn will lead to the development of innovative treatment methods and better patient management.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2024</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>14</first_page>
     <last_page>17</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">3366</item_number>
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     <doi>10.54216/MOR.010104</doi>
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