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  <doi_batch_id>aspg-28-3149-1793997378</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20261106203618</timestamp>
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  <journal>
   <journal_metadata language="en">
    <full_title>Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Metaheuristics</full_title>
    <abbrev_title>JAIM</abbrev_title>
    <issn media_type="electronic">2833-5597</issn>
   </journal_metadata>
   <journal_issue>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2024</year>
    </publication_date>
    <journal_volume>
     <volume>7</volume>
    </journal_volume>
    <issue>2</issue>
   </journal_issue>
   <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
    <titles>
     <title>Predictive Modeling of Global Educational Outcomes: A Comparative Analysis Using Machine Learning Regression Techniques</title>
    </titles>
    <contributors>
     <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Abdelhameed</given_name>
      <surname>Ibrahim</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Computer Engineering and Control Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Abdelaziz A.</given_name>
      <surname>Abdelhamid</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
     <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
      <given_name>Ehab M.</given_name>
      <surname>Almetwally</surname>
      <affiliations>
       <institution>
        <institution_name>Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia</institution_name>
       </institution>
      </affiliations>
     </person_name>
    </contributors>
    <jats:abstract>
     <jats:p>Education is central to social and economic development, making school enrollment and the quality of learning important global priorities. This study applies machine-learning regression to the World Educational Data dataset from Kaggle. After data exploration and preprocessing, eleven models are compared: Support Vector Regression (SVR), CatBoost, Random Forest, Extra Trees, XGBoost, a multilayer perceptron (MLP), Gradient Boosting, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, Linear Regression, and a pipeline model. Performance is evaluated using MSE, RMSE, MAE, MBE, the correlation coefficient, R2, NSE, and WI. CatBoost reports the strongest correlation and coefficient of determination (both approximately 0.99999) with an MSE of 0.04024. The results illustrate the potential of machine-learning methods to support analysis and prediction of educational outcomes and to inform educational planning.</jats:p>
    </jats:abstract>
    <publication_date media_type="online">
     <year>2024</year>
    </publication_date>
    <pages>
     <first_page>38</first_page>
     <last_page>42</last_page>
    </pages>
    <publisher_item>
     <item_number item_number_type="article-number">3149</item_number>
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     <doi>10.54216/JAIM.070206</doi>
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