Multimedia Imaging System of Data Collection and Antenna Alignment for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based Internet of Things

Maysaloon abed qasim¹, Qusay Abboodi Ali², Noor Mezher Sahab³, Refed Adnan Jaleel^4,*, Musaddak Maher Abdul Zahra⁵

¹Technical engineering collage, Northren technical university (NTU), Mosul, Iraq

²Blended Learning Department, College of Administration and Economics, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq

³Labs Department, High school of Al-Motafukeen, Salahaldin Education, Tikrit, Iraq

⁴Information and Communication Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

⁵Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Babil, Iraq

Emails: maysloon.alhashim@ntu.edu.iq; Dr.Qusay.a.ali@tu.edu.iq; noormizher2@gmail.com; iraq_it_2010@yahoo.com; musaddaqmahir@mustaqbal-college.edu.iq

Abstract

Because network of sensors gives a more accurate representation of remotely sensed environments, a network of wirelessly connected sensors is essential. Data packets must be routed to the base station hop by hop, which causes conventional network data collecting to use a lot of power. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) were employed for hovering over the detected environment and gather data to solve this issue. The paper also aims to provide an automatic alignment for UAV antennas for tracking by utilising computer vision technologies. A directional antenna with high gain is used by a ground station that can operate by a pan-tilt to point towards the low-gain omnidirectional antenna carried by the UAV. To center the UAV's antenna's image in the frame, the antenna is equipped with a camera, and a computer detects the video and controls the pan-tilt. The antennas are aligned if there are no more than a few pixels between the UAV image center and the image center. The proposed imaging system exhibits fast data collection, thus attaining a high packet delivery rate and the minimum use of energy. With the suggested antenna auto-alignment approach, the antennas can be accurately aligned with an angle error of under one. UAVs must take the smoothest and shortest pathways possible to accommodate their motion and time constraints. As a result, the Traveling Sales Problem (TSP) is utilized to determine the shortest route, and Bezier curves are then employed to turn paths into a flyable path.

Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle; antenna alignment, computer vision; Data gathering; Traveling salesman problem; Wireless sensor network; Path smoothing; Internet of Things.